TTF 01-Exposure & Stops.

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Presentation transcript:

TTF 01-Exposure & Stops

Camera Camera light Aperture sensitive Shutter & material Lens Total Exposure depends on 1. Aperture area f/# 2. Time the shutter is open t 3. Sensitivity of the "film" ISO Sensitivity Camera Camera light Aperture sensitive Shutter & material Lens ISO: 100 200 400 800 1600 Brighter Image Darker Image A factor of 2 is called a "Stop"

Exposure time, t, is controlled by the amount of time the camera detector is turned "ON". t t: 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 seconds t: 1/1024 1/512 1/256 1/128 1/64 1/32 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 seconds Darker Brighter

Aperture stop and f/# f = focal length of lens d Less Exposure (large F/#) More Exposure (small F/#)

f/# indicator adjustment ring

Exposure is spaced by a factor of 2, or a "Stop". 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 Darker Lighter

Find a combination that makes a good exposure. This is the "Balanced Condition" f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 Darker Lighter

If we change ONLY ONE of these three……. 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 Darker Lighter

……we are no longer in "Balance". 1600 800 400 200 100 ISO 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500 1/1000 t 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 f/# Darker Lighter Example of an "Over Exposure"

Shift the other two factors to return to balance. 1600 800 400 200 100 ISO 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500 1/1000 t 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 f/# Darker Lighter Example of an "Over Exposure"

Back to a "Balanced" Exposure f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 Darker Lighter Back to a "Balanced" Exposure

More Examples Darker Lighter f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 Darker Lighter f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600

Keep in Balance with equal shifts both ways 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 Darker Lighter f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600

f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 ??? Darker Lighter f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 ???

f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 Darker Lighter f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600

f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 ??? Darker Lighter f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 ???

f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 Darker Lighter f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600

Photo-Effects of Shutter Speed F/# and Focal Length

F/#: 4 Shutter Speed: 1/60 Sec ISO: 200 F/#: 11 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 t 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 F/#: 4 Shutter Speed: 1/60 Sec ISO: 200 F/#: 11 Shutter Speed: .1/8 Sec ISO: 200

t=1/8 sec f/#=32 t=1/250 sec f/#=5.6 f/# 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 1/2 ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 t=1/8 sec f/#=32 t=1/250 sec f/#=5.6

1/100 at f/22, Short focal length ("Zoomed Out")

1/100 at f/22, Long focal length ("Zoomed In")

Exposure Modulation

Long Exposure time in the dark: Write with a light source.

Double Exposure: Turn room lights on, off, on, off

How was this done?

End