Ecology Benchmark Review

C. Study of organisms and their interactions with their environments 1. What is the study of Ecology? A. Study of life B. Study of environments C. Study of organisms and their interactions with their environments D. Study of matter C. Study of organisms and their interactions with their environments

B. Abiotic (non-living) 2. The pictures are examples of _______ factors in the environment. A. Biotic B. Abiotic C. Living D. Earth B. Abiotic (non-living)

4. What is a food web. A. Contains all possible food chains B 4. What is a food web? A. Contains all possible food chains B. A simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem C. Characteristics shared by living and nonliving things D. It’s what a spider refers to as dinner. A. Contains all possible food chains

5. How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next. A 5. How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next? A. 1% B. 5% C. 10% D. 25% C. 10%

9. Energy that passes through a food chain is lost to the environment as ________. A. Cold B. Heat C. Waste D. Lightning B. Heat- This is the reason only 10% energy gets passed on.

10. Arrows in a food chain or food web represent what?

10. Arrows represent the flow of energy to the next trophic level (producers 1o Consumer  2o Consumer…)

12. A food chain is shown below: GrassesCricketsField MiceHawks Which of the following changes to the food chain will have the most severe effect? Drastic decrease in rainfall, causing drought Hunting of hawks by game hunters Introduction of a second predator that eats field mice A disease that reduces the cricket population A*. Drought will kill the grasses that form the base of the food chain. (The most severe impact will happen closest to the beginning of the food chain because it affects the rest of the organisms up the chain)

B*. Fungi and Bacteria (Decomposers) 13. Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms? A. Herbivores B. Fungi and Bacteria C. Producers D. Parasites B*. Fungi and Bacteria (Decomposers)

14. Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid? A. clams B. sardines C. sharks D. kelp C*. Sharks- They would be a 2o Consumer/Carnivor

15. Complete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the: A herbivores. B water. C vegetation. D atmosphere. D*. Atmosphere- Remember the Carbon-Oxygen cycle (Where does most of the Carbon go?)

True- This is the mian function of the Nitrogen Cycle 16. True or False. Organisms cannot use atmospheric Nitrogen (N2) unless it is converted into nitrates True- This is the mian function of the Nitrogen Cycle

18. What cycle uses photosynthesis and respiration to support life on Earth? A. Water Cycle B. Carbon-Oxygen Cycle C. Nitrogen Cycle D. Phosphorus Cycle B. Carbon-Oxygen Cycle

19. What is an organism’s niche within a habitat. A 19. What is an organism’s niche within a habitat? A. The place where an organism lives B. The survival rate of an organism C. The role an organism plays within its habitat D. The amount of camoflage an organism has C. The role an organism plays within its environment

21. Which trophic level has the most energy. A. Plants B. Herbivores C 21. Which trophic level has the most energy? A. Plants B. Herbivores C. Omnivores D. carnivores Plants # of organisms (biomass)= energy

Uses Photosynthesis or chemical synthesis to make own food (plants) 22. What organism makes their own food? A. Heterotroph B. Autotroph C. Carnivore D. Omnivore B. Autotroph Uses Photosynthesis or chemical synthesis to make own food (plants)

C. Precipitation- rain, hail, snow 23. What major step is missing in the water cycle: Evaporation/transpirationCondensation_______RunoffGround WaterOcean A. Freezing B. Collection C. Precipitation D. Cloud fairies C. Precipitation- rain, hail, snow

24. How do humans obtain nitrogen. A 24. How do humans obtain nitrogen? A. Absorb atmospheric Nitrogen through the skin B. By eating plants C. By breathing in air D. None of the above By eating plants Remember Nitrogen cycle- Atmospheric Nitrogen has to be converted to nitrates that are then taken up by plants

26. See the food chain below: PlantsPandasChuck NorrisInvader Zim What would happen to C.Norris and Invader Zim if the Pandas went extinct? They will not be affected They will live longer They will die Why did it have to be the pandas…

26. See the food chain below: PlantsPandasChuck NorrisInvader Zim   What would happen to C.Norris and Invader Zim if the Pandas went extinct? C. They will die

27. In this food web, name four things that would happen if the Pine Borer (insect) went extinct? 2. Kinglet =  3. Salamander =  4. Snake = 

30. Each energy level of the Ecological/Energy pyramid is called: Energy Steps Trophic Steps Trophic Levels Ecology Levels C. Trophic Levels

Which has more biodiversity: An area of Texas with more species of plants than animals or An area of California with a greater variety of species An area of California with a greater variety of species

What would happen to biodiversity if the following happened: 1. Company took over habitat to build a factory =  Biodiversity 2. Farmer removes forest to make room for farmland (habitat loss) =  Biodiversity 3. National parks and preserves created =  Biodiversity

Food Webs: insects  Birds grasses  Hawks   rats  snakes 1. What would happen if rats decreased =  snakes,  hawks =  rats,  grasses 2. What would happen if snakes decreased =  Hawks 3. Decrease grasses =  all animals

What happens to envionmental resources when a population increases? Resources decrease  Population =  Resources What happens to a population if it goes over the carrying capacity of the environment Population will decrease until it is below or at the carrying capacity of the environment

Greenhouse gasses (CO2) and global warming is mainly influenced from which cycle? Water Cycle Carbon-Oxygen Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle B. Carbon-Oxygen Cycle

What is primary succession? Primary succession = NO soil = orderly species replacement What organism will you first need to start in Primary succession? Lichens Which type of succession would be used if a hurricane destroyed the habitat and took away the soil? Primary Succession Which type of succession would be faster: Primary or Secondary? Secondary Succession

Population Growth In order for population growth to occur what needs to happen to the following:   Birth Rate: Death Rate: On a population graph, what would you predict if the death rate line is higher than the birth rate line? Population would decrease (More deaths than births)

Immigration vs. Emmigration What is immigration? Animals that move INTO a population What is emmigration? Animals that EXIT a population What would happen to a population if the immigration rate is higher than the emmigration rate? Population will increase