Diversity and Heredity Review Notes #6 Diversity and Heredity

Grouping Organisms There are 5 kingdoms of living things. Broken down into individual species. Descending size….Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Reproduction Cell Division – Where one parent cell divides into two. Genetic material is passed along in the chromosomes. When a one celled animal divides it is called mitosis.

Sexual Reproduction Sperm cells and egg cells called gametes, each contains half of the genetic material. Together make one complete cell called a zygote. The zygote builds more cells in layers, and each take on a process This is called differentiation.

Sexual Reproduction in Plants Flower is the reproductive organ in a plant. Pollen produced in the anther contains sperm cells. Female eggs are in the pistil. Wind, rain, and insects transfer pollen to the pistil. When joined together it is called germination.

Genetics A piece of genetic material is called a gene. For each characteristic there is a dominant trait and a recessive trait. The dominant always shows up over the recessive. Recessive traits only show up if you receive that gene from each parent.

Punnett Squares Used to predict the probability of having certain traits.

Theory of Evolution A mutation is a genetic accident. If harmful organism will be less likely to live. If helpful organism will reproduce and pass on mutation. Natural Selection – Survival of the fittest.