U.S. Fleet Safety Management Practices and Policies NETS 2010 Fleet Safety Benchmark Conference October 13-14, 2010 Elyce Anne Biddle, PhD National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention “The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the view of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.”

In the Beginning……… ORC Worldwide Assignment— Management Systems Joe McKillips—Green Fleet Research Project Proposal Biologically feasible? DOES A VACCINE EXIST? Are there screening interventions to detect cancer that have been shown to be effective? Technically feasible? IS THERE A WAY TO DELIVER THE VACCINE? Are there mechanisms for delivering the screening intervention? E.g., clinical versus community-based settings Socially/Politically feasible? WILL PARENTS ALLOW CHILDREN TO BE VACCINATED? Will high-risk candidates for the disease agree to participate in the screening intervention? i.e., the screening is not too invasive physically. Economically feasible? IS THE VACCINE AFFORDABLE? Is the screening affordable to whomever will bear the costs? The patient, the employer, the public health clinic Does the screening intervention provide a good return on investment, compared to other interventions designed to decrease the incidence of cancer?

Fleet Safety Management Research Proposal, 2010 Four Part Proposal: Data analysis of ORC Worldwide and National Safety Council survey Epidemiological study Business Case—individual companies Business Case—across industries Applied analytic methods to: identify, measure, value, and compare the costs and consequences of prevention and treatment strategies. IDENTIFY: The first step is to explicitly delineate ALL possible intervention alternatives being considered by the decision maker. MEASURE: EE involves the use of quantitative techniques (descriptive epidemiology, decision analysis, economic evaluation, meta-analysis) VALUE: EE necessarily provides estimates of probabilities, costs, and outcomes for each alternative. COMPARE: Final step in an EE is to answer the question: how do the intervention outcomes compares with the costs. By combining basic components of applied research on epidemiology, (ie efficacy and effectiveness), with the economic component (ie costs), Economic evaluations allow one to develop a summary statement of the implications of choosing one particular course of action or decision over another.

Fleet Safety Management Survey What proportion of U.S. companies have an FSM program in place? What FSM program components are being used by U.S. based companies? Do global FSM program components differ from domestic FSM program components? Is there an association between FSM program components and motor vehicle crash and injury rates?

Proposed Questions Does your company have a fleet safety management program in place? How long has the program been in place? How much of the organization does the program cover? Bullet 1: Converts all costs and benefits into dollars so that disparate outcomes (defense versus health) can be compared. CONSIDERED MACRO LEVEL EE. Bullet 2: Theoretically, CBA includes ALL costs and effects associated with an intervention. But valuing intangible things (like pain, suffering) is an elusive goal. For example, there is no good way to assign a value to psychological effects such as feeling of fear or emotional support. Therefore, evaluating ALL health outcomes is done within reasonable limits. It is suggested that one value and include all costs and benefits for which there are “legitimate” or proxy valuations. Other variables, such as intangibles, can be listed but not necessarily quantified. Different time lines and different amounts: Comprehensively ID and measure benefits and costs of a program, including the benefits and costs that arise in the long term, after the intervention ends, as well as those that occur during the intervention. Bullet 3: NB or NPV: benefits minus costs Benefit/cost ratio: benefits divided by costs

Proposed Questions Company or business unit characteristics for those covered by a FSM program Industry NAICS Size of firm Number of employees covered by FSM program Number of vehicles (total by vehicle type) Miles driven Length of time since FSM first implemented Bullet 1: Converts all costs and benefits into dollars so that disparate outcomes (defense versus health) can be compared. CONSIDERED MACRO LEVEL EE. Bullet 2: Theoretically, CBA includes ALL costs and effects associated with an intervention. But valuing intangible things (like pain, suffering) is an elusive goal. For example, there is no good way to assign a value to psychological effects such as feeling of fear or emotional support. Therefore, evaluating ALL health outcomes is done within reasonable limits. It is suggested that one value and include all costs and benefits for which there are “legitimate” or proxy valuations. Other variables, such as intangibles, can be listed but not necessarily quantified. Different time lines and different amounts: Comprehensively ID and measure benefits and costs of a program, including the benefits and costs that arise in the long term, after the intervention ends, as well as those that occur during the intervention. Bullet 3: NB or NPV: benefits minus costs Benefit/cost ratio: benefits divided by costs

Proposed Questions Crash record before and after initial FSM implementation Record by injury severity Record for incidents without injury—property damage Performance measures used—leading and lagging Cost of FSM program operation by component Subjective open-ended questions to identify successful elements Bullet 1: Converts all costs and benefits into dollars so that disparate outcomes (defense versus health) can be compared. CONSIDERED MACRO LEVEL EE. Bullet 2: Theoretically, CBA includes ALL costs and effects associated with an intervention. But valuing intangible things (like pain, suffering) is an elusive goal. For example, there is no good way to assign a value to psychological effects such as feeling of fear or emotional support. Therefore, evaluating ALL health outcomes is done within reasonable limits. It is suggested that one value and include all costs and benefits for which there are “legitimate” or proxy valuations. Other variables, such as intangibles, can be listed but not necessarily quantified. Different time lines and different amounts: Comprehensively ID and measure benefits and costs of a program, including the benefits and costs that arise in the long term, after the intervention ends, as well as those that occur during the intervention. Bullet 3: NB or NPV: benefits minus costs Benefit/cost ratio: benefits divided by costs

Proposed Questions Identify the Basic Components of FSM Management, Leadership and Administration Driver training Vehicle selection, maintenance and inspection Disciplinary action system Reward/incentive program Incident reporting and analysis Bullet 1: Converts all costs and benefits into dollars so that disparate outcomes (defense versus health) can be compared. CONSIDERED MACRO LEVEL EE. Bullet 2: Theoretically, CBA includes ALL costs and effects associated with an intervention. But valuing intangible things (like pain, suffering) is an elusive goal. For example, there is no good way to assign a value to psychological effects such as feeling of fear or emotional support. Therefore, evaluating ALL health outcomes is done within reasonable limits. It is suggested that one value and include all costs and benefits for which there are “legitimate” or proxy valuations. Other variables, such as intangibles, can be listed but not necessarily quantified. Different time lines and different amounts: Comprehensively ID and measure benefits and costs of a program, including the benefits and costs that arise in the long term, after the intervention ends, as well as those that occur during the intervention. Bullet 3: NB or NPV: benefits minus costs Benefit/cost ratio: benefits divided by costs

Comments/Opinions???? How do these questions compare to the NETS benchmarking survey? Are there questions that should not be asked? What other information would you like gathered? Interested in reviewing the final questionnaire? Bullet 1: Converts all costs and benefits into dollars so that disparate outcomes (defense versus health) can be compared. CONSIDERED MACRO LEVEL EE. Bullet 2: Theoretically, CBA includes ALL costs and effects associated with an intervention. But valuing intangible things (like pain, suffering) is an elusive goal. For example, there is no good way to assign a value to psychological effects such as feeling of fear or emotional support. Therefore, evaluating ALL health outcomes is done within reasonable limits. It is suggested that one value and include all costs and benefits for which there are “legitimate” or proxy valuations. Other variables, such as intangibles, can be listed but not necessarily quantified. Different time lines and different amounts: Comprehensively ID and measure benefits and costs of a program, including the benefits and costs that arise in the long term, after the intervention ends, as well as those that occur during the intervention. Bullet 3: NB or NPV: benefits minus costs Benefit/cost ratio: benefits divided by costs

Questions? Contact: Ebiddle@CDC.GOV 304-285-6015