Attractions Within & Between Molecules Molecular Forces Attractions Within & Between Molecules

Intramolecular Forces Forces within a single molecule (we call these bonds) From strongest to weakest: Covalent Bond Ionic Bond Metallic Bond

Intermolecular Forces Forces between two or more molecules From strongest to weakest: Ion-Dipole Forces Hydrogen Bonding Dipole-Dipole Forces Dispersion Forces

London Dispersion Forces Temporary attractions between two nonpolar covalent molecules Occur when the electrons around a molecule become unevenly distributed, causing a slight dipole

Dipole-Dipole Forces Attractions between two polar covalent molecules (permanent dipoles) The partial positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the partial negative end of another polar molecule.

Hydrogen Bonding NOT A BOND! A strong dipole-dipole force Only occurs between polar molecules where H is bonded to N, O, or F

Ion-Dipole Forces Attractive forces between an ion and a polar molecule Example: Salt in Water Slightly negative Oxygen is attracted to Na+ Slightly positive Hydrogens are attracted to Cl-