SKULL:

JOINT TYPE: FIBROUS-IMMOVEABLE

BONES OF THE SKULL: THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 45 BONES THAT MAKE UP THE SKULL AND FACE AT BIRTH AS WE GROW, THESE BONES FUSE TOGETHER TO MAKE UP ABOUT 28 SKULL AND FACIAL BONES

BONES OF THE SKULL: FRONTAL BONE NASAL BONE ZYGOMATIC BONE MAXILLAE BONE MANDIBLE BONE

BONES OF THE SKULL:

JOINTS OF THE SKULL: THERE ARE CLOSE TO 20 JOINTS IN THE HUMAN SKULL MANY OF WHICH ARE CALLED SUTURES AND ARE NOT MOVEABLE JOINTS

JOINTS OF THE SKULL: THE ONLY MOVEABLE JOINT OF THE SKULL IS THE TEMPORO- MANDIBULAR JOINT THIS JOINT CONNECTS THE TEMPORAL BONE AND THE MANDIBLE ALSO KNOWN AS THE TMJ

INJURIES TO THE SKULL: FRACTURES TMJ SPRAIN STRAIN TMJ DISLOCATION BRAIN INJURIES HEMMORAGE

SKULL FRACTURES: FRACTURES CAN OCCUR ON ANY BONE OF THE SKULL OR FACE MOST COMMONLY NASAL, ZYGOMATIC, OR MANDIBLE

TMJ SPRAIN: 3 LIGAMENTS ATTACH THIS JOINT TOGETHER TEMPOROMANDIBULAR STYLOMANDIBULAR SPHENOMANDIBULAR

STRAIN: INJURY TO A MUSCLE OR TENDON

TMJ DISLOCATION: THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT CAN ALSO BECOME DISLOCATED

TBI TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY CONCUSSION SECOND IMPACT SYNDROME

HEMMORAGE BLEEDING IN THE BRAIN

INJURIES TO THE EAR: CAULIFLOWER EAR (HEMATOMA AURIS CAUSED BY EXTREME FRICTION OR REPEATED TRAUMA OTTITIS EXTERNA (SWIMMERS EAR) INFECTION IN THE EAR CANAL

INJURIES TO THE EYE: CONJUCTIVITIS- PINK EYE

INJURIES TO THE NOSE: EPISTAXIS NOSE BLEED

VERTEBRAE:

Bones: Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum Coccyx

CURVATURE OF THE SPINE: CERVICAL: ANTERIOR CURVE THORACIC: POSTERIOR CURVE LUMBAR: ANTERIOR CURVE

Curvature: Scoliosis-lateral curve Kyphosis- Excessive thoracic curve Lordosis- Excessive lumbar curve

INJURIES: SCOLIOSIS: LATERAL CURVE OF THE SPINE KYPHOSIS: EXHAGERATED CURVE OF THE THORACIC SPINE LORDOSIS: EXHAGERATED CURVE OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

INJURIES: BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURY CERVICAL NERVE STRETCH “STINGER” “BURNER”

BONES: C1: FIRST VERTEBRAE IS CALLED THE ATLAS C2: SECOND VERTEBRAE IS CALLED THE AXIS

What is the purpose of the spine? The spine supports the structure of the body The spine also protects the spinal nerves Each spinal nerve controls movement and feeling for a specific area of the body Injuring these can cause paralysis

Dermatomes:

Myotomes: C1/C2-neck flexion/extension C3-neck lateral flexion C4-shoulder elevation C5-shoulder abduction C6-elbow flexion/wrist extension C7-elbow extension/wrist flexion C8-thumb extension T1-finger abduction L2-hip flexion L3-knee extension L4-ankle dorsi-flexion L5-great toe extension S1-ankle plantar-flexion S2-knee flexion