Shoulder and Upper Arm

Anatomy Humerus Clavicle Scapula Projections of scapula Acromion process Coracoid process Glenoid Of these, which is attached to the sternum? clavicle

Anatomy Four joints in this area: Glenohumeral (G-H) Acromioclavicular(A-C) Feel the most distal part of your clavicle Sternoclavicular (S-C) Coracoclavicular

Draw and label a picture with the 4 bones mentioned and the 4 joints mentioned.

Shoulder and Upper Arm Attachment of the shoulder/upper arm to the axial skeleton is made at what joint? S-C joint (sternoclavicular joint) It is a weak but infrequently injured area Does the clavicle articulate with the humerus? Which is more stable… Shoulder or Hip (what type of articulation are these?) Ball and Socket joint Hip is more stable… the G-H joint is much more shallow

Muscles Major Muscles: Deeper muscles Deltoid Pectoralis Major Covers the top of the shoulder Pectoralis Major Both of these muscles attach to the shaft of the humerus Deeper muscles Group of four muscles called… Rotator Cuff

Rotator Cuff These muscles surround the joint and are most commonly used in throwing Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

Injuries to the Shoulder: Fractures Most often fractured bone in sports… Clavicle MOI: Direct blow, falling on outstretched arm Usually fracture occurs in the middle third S/S: the injured side will be lower than the uninjured side/ath support arm First Aid: Treat ath for shock, apply sling, get medical help

The LP Adjustable Clavic Brace encourages proper posture and shoulder alignment Ideal for post clavicle fracture, as the support immobilizes the clavicle to aid healing

Fractures of Humerus Fractures of humerus normally result from: Direct blow Falling on outstretched arm Treat as a medical emergency Danger of tearing of the blood vessels and nerves S/S Pain, point tenderness, discoloration, immobility TX Treat for shock and apply sling Rush to hospital

Dislocations What is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body? GH joint 1st time dislocations should be considered fractures by trainer until X-ray reveals otherwise b/c damage to blood vessels and nerves 1st Aid Immobilization of arm in comfortable position, ice pack Require LT immobilization & complete rehab

Dislocation

Acromioclavicular Sprain (A-C Sprain) Most commonly sprained ligament of the shoulder MOI Blow to the top of the shoulder or a fall onto an outstretched arm Classification Can be classified as 1st, 2nd or 3rd degree First Aid Compression, cold, and stabilization of shoulder with a sling

Classification of A-C sprains Mild stretch of A-C ligaments, pain A-C region, no deformity 1st degree Extreme pain, obvious signs of displacement of the clavicle, sx may be required 3rd Some tearing of ligaments, clavicle displacement, not be able to move arm much w/o pain Functional test to confirm A-C sprain Have athlete touch opposite shoulder with hand of injured side. Movement will be painful and perhaps impossible to perform

Strains Causes of shoulder muscle strains: Conditions of overuse Lack of strength Overuse Improper technique Inadequate warm-up Conditions of overuse Tendinitis (if it’s muscular problem) Bursitis (if damage to the bursae)

Prevention Keep joint strong and flexible Teach proper technique Proper warm-up Avoid overuse Teach athletes to avoid falling on outstretched arm