Symptomatic Therapy of Dyspnea with Strong Opioids and Its Effect on Ventilation in Palliative Care Patients  Katri Elina Clemens, MD, PhD, Eberhard Klaschik, MD, PhD  Journal of Pain and Symptom Management  Volume 33, Issue 4, Pages 473-481 (April 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.09.015 Copyright © 2007 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Intensity of dyspnea (NRS 0–10) at rest and on exertion at admission, during O2 insufflation, and 120minutes after the first opioid administration. (A) P=0.046; (B) P=0.025; (C) P=0.007; (D) P=0.003 compared with their respective baseline values at admission. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2007 33, 473-481DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.09.015) Copyright © 2007 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Changes in (f), O2 saturation (SaO2) of tcPCO2, and PF in individuals (1–11) including diagnosis and as mean in all patients (12). ∗Premedication with morphine, ∗∗premedication with fentanyl TTS. 1=at admission, 2=O2 insufflation, 3=30, 4=60, 5=90, 6=120minutes after opioid application. # P values (f) P2=0.046; P4=0.003; P6=0.003. (SaO2) P2=1.0; P4=0.017; P6=0.075. (tcPCO2) P2=0.286; P4=0.110; P6=0.213. (PF) P2=0.075; P4=0.062; P6=0.477. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2007 33, 473-481DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.09.015) Copyright © 2007 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Intensity of anxiety (NRS 0–10) at admission, during O2 insufflation, and 120minutes after the first opioid administration. P values compared with their respective baseline values. (A) P=0.15; (B) P=0.003. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2007 33, 473-481DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.09.015) Copyright © 2007 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee Terms and Conditions