Patriotic = when you love your country Bayonet Charge MITSL Patriotic tear Patriotic = when you love your country

Context (ao3) Served in the RAF for two years. The poem is about World War One and the experience of “going over the top” of the trench. Hughes wrote a lot about nature. His father was at war too.

MEANING The message of the poem is that soldiers are forced to fight and lied to by the government that war would be fun and over early. The reader could feel strongly against war because it can effect someone’s life badly. The poem could also shine light on the lies of propaganda because of “king, honour, human dignity” he doesn’t want to fight anymore for that. “patriotic” shows he no longer loves his country and Hughes is echoing how a lot of soldiers were guilt tripped to fight to save their country. “terrors touchy dynamite” shows he has become a weapon. There is a message that soldier become dehumanised.

IMAGERY AND LANGUAGE “bullets smacking the belly out of the air”  personification and the verb “smacking” sounds aggressive and abusive like war can hurt nature. “sweating like molten iron” is a simile to show he is dehumanised because molten iron can make weapons also it is an uncomfortable image because he is too hot from running. “threw up a yellow hare that rolled like a flame”  a bomb or the gunnery has forced a hare out of its home (could be a metaphor for how the soldiers too were forced out of their homes by the government). Semantic field of heat because we have “flame” again like the “molten iron”. Also something innocent has become involved just like the soldiers.

IMAGERY AND LANGUAGE “running like a man who has jumped in the dark” he is scared and he has to react straight away. “in the dark” means how the soldiers were in the dark (hidden) from the REALITY OF WAR. “dropped like luxuries in a yelling alarm” all of the meaning of war has turned to NOTHING. “yelling alarm” he is frightened and war can carry on until the government stop it. “suddenly he awoke and was running” in war you can’t rest you have to get up and fight. There are words contributing to war “rifle fire” “bullets smacking” “shot slashed furrows” “dynamite” “like a flame”  all together Hughes is deliberately showing the HARSH REALITY OF WAR.

Heat imagery surrounding both of them “molten iron” “rolled like a flame” Both innocent and forced to die because of war and for someone else’s sake. Both been forced out of their homes thanks to war.

“in what cold clockwork of the stars and the nations was he the hand pointing that second?”

He is trying to find out the purpose of why he is in war because he doesn’t understand what his role in war is. A clock is never ending it always carries on and doesn’t stop and it is similar to war because the soldier feels like the war won’t stop.

TONE Angry tone “his terror’s touchy dynamite” and in a “yelling alarm” There is a tone from Hughes that if you attack nature it can be weaker than humans. Hughes has a negative tone that we abuse nature. There is a violent tone “bullets smacking the belly out of the air” to make the reader feel sympathy for what the soldiers go through everyday. The overall tone that this poem has is that war is not as great as propaganda AND the final line makes you realise how war can cause PTSD.

STRUCTURE There is no cyclical structure this could show how his opinion of war changes by the end and other peoples’ opinion too because propaganda makes you think one way but then when you get there it is completely different. None of the stanzas end in a full stop. The soldier’s worries never end and you may feel the impact of waiting in the trench. There’s only two full stops to mimic the chaos of charging because the soldier cannot stop. The lack of stopping in the poem shows the lack of opportunity to stop in war.

STRUCTURE There is no rhyme scheme and no structured rhyming because war is chaotic. Also maybe it is too serious to have rhyming. In Stanza Two there is a lack of commas because he has a lack of breath. Stanza 1 = He wakes up and is running and sweating. He hears rifle fire. Stanza 2 = He runs and the running is repeated to show it is never ending. He stops and questions the point of war. Stanza 3 = A hare flies out and is injured. He gives up on propaganda and by the end becomes dynamite.

STRUCTURE There is enjambment to show how lines carry onto the next so he is out of breath and we are put in his shoes. Stanzas have 8,7,8 lines this might show how he is in limbo about his opinion of war. At the start of every line capital letter he is attempting to regain control.

in media res

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