AP Review Chapter 7-8

Fast Facts The nucleus is a double membrane - DNA is organized w/ proteins into chromatin Ribosome: organelles that carry out protein synthesis Endoplasmic reticulum: manufactures membranes and performs many other biosynthetic functions

Fast Facts The Golgi apparatus finishes, sorts, and ships cell products Lysosomes are digestive compartments Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration

Fast Facts Most abundant lipids in membranes are phospholipids. - phospholipids are amphipathic (head is hydrophilic, tail is hydrophobic ) Membranes are mosaics of structure and function - proteins are embedded in the fluid matrix

Fast Facts

Fast Facts Passive transport involves diffusion across a membrane. - Diffusion: the tendency for molecules of any substance to spread out into available space - any substance will move down a [gradient]. [high]  [low]

Fast Facts Facilitated diffusion: passive transport of molecules through transport proteins - each protein is specific for the solute it transports Active transport: movement of molecules across a membrane against the gradient (uses ATP)

Fast Facts

Fast Facts In cotransport, a ATP powered pump can drive the transport of other solutes. 1) active transport of a substance against a gradient 2) cotransport through a protein w/ 2nd substance

Fast Facts Exocitosis: the secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane Endocytosis: the cell takes in macromolecules by forming new vesicles

Sample Questions Describe the structure of the plasma membrane and the ways in which it permits interactions with the outside environment

Sample Questions Compare and contrast the cellular characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes