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Feeding Relationships Producer Autotrophs – make their own food Convert solar energy into chemical energy Examples: Plants (terrestrial), algae and phytoplankton (aquatic) http://www.chlorella-therapy.com/en/images/agaricus/p01/pict_02.gif

Feeding Relationships Consumer Heterotroph – gets food from their environment Herbivores – eat plants Carnivores – eat meat Omnivores – eat plants and meat Detritivores – feed on remains of organisms Decomposers – break down organic matter Examples: Animals, some bacteria and protists. http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/marssim/simhtml/pics-for-sim/moose.jpg http://www.eoearth.org/images/191655/500x0/scale/grizzly_alaska_fr.jpg fireflyafrica.blogspot.com

Trophic Levels Each link in a food chain is known as a trophic level. Arrows show the flow of energy and go from prey to predator

Trophic Levels Food web: a. shows all possible feeding relationships in a community at each trophic level. b. represents a network of interconnected food chains. http://library.thinkquest.org/J0113170/forest/images/foodweb.jpg

Corn Identifying Carnivores, Herbivores and Omnivores Look at the crickets. What do they eat? Corn They only eat plants, so they’re herbivores. Look at the hawks. What do they eat? Birds, Lizards and Mice They only eat meat, so they’re carnivores. Look at the Birds. What do they eat? Moths, Corn and Crickets They eat meat & plants, so they’re omnivores.

Trophic Levels Ecological Pyramid: show mass and energy at each trophic level Biomass: the amount of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a habitat. As you move up a food chain, both available energy and biomass decrease. Only 10% of the energy goes from one level to the next. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DrCjIUt1Cf8/TgV6AwF4QnI/AAAAAAAAADk/83PL8UPrXZ0/s1600/EnergyPyramid.gif

Trophic Levels 100. % 10. % 1. % 0.1 % To determine what percentage of food energy remains in any trophic level is very simple. Start by placing 100% over the producer, and then place 10% less over each following trophic levels. (You just keep moving the decimal over one place at a time for percentages or numbers.)

Energy is lost as heat between each trophic level! Because only 10% of the biomass and energy in a prey population is passed on to its predators, food chains tend to be fairly short. There simply stops being enough energy to support more levels. Energy is lost as heat between each trophic level! 0.1 % 1 % 10 % 100 %