Islamic Civilization Chapter 14

The Spread of Islam 630’s AD – Arabs created a new empire in the Arabian Peninsula – with the religion of Islam at the center of it. Arabs – people who lived on the Arabian Peninsula Within a century, Islam spread throughout Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe Bedouins – herders who roamed the desert in search of grass for their sheep, camels, and goats. Caravans – groups of traveling merchants

Islamic Religion Mecca or Makkah – largest city in Arabia – religious and trade center Ka’bah – holiest shrine in Mecca Cube shaped building – black stone – “fell from paradise” Zemzen – holy well located near the Ka’bah Pilgrims - people who travel to a Religious shrine

Religion continued… Mohammed – Founder of Islam – the Prophet Islam – “submitting to God” Religion of the Muslims Muslims – believers – followers of Islam Allah – Muslim God Koran or Quran – Muslim Scriptures The word of God as revealed to Mohammed Mosque – Muslim house of Worship Caliph – leaders of the Arab State – successors of Mohammed Jihad – holy war Infidels – “non-believers” Islamic Life A mans world – not many rights for women – strict laws

Five Pillars of Faith The five duties a Muslim must fulfill Confession of Faith Recite “no God but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet” Prayer Five times a day facing Mecca Alms Give to Charity Fasting Fast each year during the daylight hours of the holy month of Ramadan Pilgrimage to Mecca Called the Hajj – at least once during your lifetime

Muslim Contributions Preserved the learning of the Ancient World Founded Chemistry Named many stars – describes the Moons effect on the oceans Maps – round Earth Algebra Blood circulates – contagious