A national study of 4741 pupils in grade 9 (15-16 years) and grade 11 (17-18 years, where 12 % were born outside the Nordic countries. Riga February 2018 Staffan Janson Sweden What is the point of making study like this? To give a knowledge base for politicians and stakeholders like preschools, schools, health services, Police forces a.o. about what it looks like concerning upbringing and violence at the present time By making repeated surveys with the same methodology, point at trends in behavior and attitudes. Point at development of new phenomena In case the trends are positive try to explain why the development goes I a positive direction and hopefully be a model and inspiration for other countries when it comes to decent behavior towards children and the support of child rights.

Physical abuse at any time in life, including ”mild” abuse like a box on the ear. 24 % report abuse by anybody and 14 % by a parent. 11 % serious forms (beaten up, scalded, strangled). 5 % repeatedly abused.

Perpetrators of physical violence (%) Biological or adoptive father 9,6 % Stepfather 1,3 Biological or adoptive mother 7,3 Stepmother 0,8 Other relative 2,0 Foster parent 0,8 Friend of the family 1,2 Pre-school/ school teacher 2,3 Sports trainer 1,2 Unknown person 3,8

Witnessed intimate partner violence 14 % witnessed violence between adults belonging to the family. 8 % witnessed IPV between the parents, 3 % repeated times. Fathers stands for 2/3 of the violence Girls report witness of IPV much more often than boys. Child reports about IPV between parents have gone down about 50 % since 2006.

Neglect (questions from the ACE-study) 6 % reported neglect during their childhood 1% reported physical neglect and 5 % emotional neglect Almost 3 % report that their mothers don´t care or care very little for them while this is more common by fathers (7 %).

Sexual abuse 40 % of all girls and 10 % of all boys reports any form of sexual abuse at any time in life The majority of the abuses were committed for the first time during the teen age years by a well known or unknown person of the same age, but half of them reported first abuse already between 7-12 years of age, 2 % at 6 years or younger. 14 % of the girls and 2 % of the boys reported an adult perpetrator, most often unknown. 4 % of the girls and 0,4 % of the boys reported abuse by a parent or step parent. Most common forms; forced to kiss against ones will or asked to make sexual services via the internet or via telephone 4 % penetrated against ones will, 3 times more often for girls than boys-

Poly-victimization 17 % of all pupils report at least 2 forms of abuse 8 % reports 3 forms or more Poly-victimized pupils were also subjected to more repeated and severe forms of abuse Children reporting neglect reported most polyvictimization Girls report polyvictimization more often than boys Poly-victimization was 4 times more common in families with a weak economy than in families with a strong economy Pupils born outside the Nordic countries reported poly- victimization double as often than pupils born in Sweden.

Tomorrow I will reflect on service provision for a non-violent childhood, based on some of our further results. Thank You. Dr.Staffan@gmail.com