CLINICAL FEATURES OF NEOPLASIA

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Tumor Invasion and Metastasis
Advertisements

Serious, involuntary weight loss indicates serious illness underneath it -Loss of >10% of body weight in the last 6 months -Weight loss should not be.
Tumor Markers Lecture one By Dr. Reem Sallam. Objectives  To briefly introduce cancers, their incidence, some common terms, and staging system.  To.
Neoplasia 1: Introduction. terminology oncology: the study of tumors neoplasia: new growth (indicates autonomy with a loss of response to growth controls)
General Pathology Review. Assumptions Studying pathology enables us to better treat people Normal people participate positively in the society Activity.
Cancer Dr. Raid Jastania. Cancer In the US: 1.3 million new cancer cases in 2002 >500,000 death of cancer Increase cancer death in men due to lung cancer.
Objectives To introduce the terminology used in describing the plasma cells neoplasm. To explain the physiology of the normal cells & the pathological.
Weeks 6 and 7 Neoplasia Dr.İ.Taci Cangül Bursa-2008.
Neoplasia Lecture 2 Dr. Maha Arafah.
NEOPLASIA Lecture 5 Dr. Maha Arafah.
Chronic Leukemia Dr. Rania Alhady Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia (CLL):
Pathology of Neoplasia. Neoplasia Shashi-Aug-15 Introduction:  Inflammatory, Degenerative & Neoplastic  Growth – Increase in size due to synthesis of.
Neoplasms.
O THER MALIGNANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS The lymphomas and plasma cell problems.
Neoplasia I Walter C. Bell, M.D..
Terminology of Neoplasms and Tumors  Neoplasm - new growth  Tumor - swelling or neoplasm  Leukemia - malignant disease of bone marrow  Hematoma -
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Neoplasia. 3- Rate of growth  Most benign tumours grow slowly over a period of years, whereas most cancers grow rapidly, spread locally and to distant.
Classification Causes Diagnosis Grading Staging Effects/Surgical Tx
Introduction to Cancer
Principles of Surgical Oncology Salah R. Elfaqih.
Principles of Surgical Oncology Salah R. Elfaqih.
Multiple Myeloma Definition:
Metastatic Cancer – Gross Pathology Lymph node - metastasis from breastLiver – metastasis from lung Vertebral column – metastasis from prostate Mesentery.
Carcinogenesis Main changes in the cell physiology that lead to formation of the malignant phenotype: Main changes in the cell physiology that lead to.
Systemic Pathology. Neoplasia -Abnormal cell growth.
Malignant Pleural Effusion (M.P.E.)
Neoplasia-2.
Multiple Myeloma Definition: B-cell malignancy characterised by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells able to produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M protein)
Multiple Myeloma Definition:
Principles of Surgical Oncology Done by : 428 surgery team surgery team.
A 58 years old man presents with melena. What would you ask him?
Introduction to Pathology Fall 2009 FINAL. Terms 1. _____________ is the study of disease. 2. _________ is any abnormal disturbance of function or structure.
Primary Impression. Active Pulmonary TB and Gastrointestinal tuberculosis previous history of TB – No sputum AFB smear was done to see if the patient.
Grading And Staging Grading is based on the microscopic features of the cells which compose a tumor and is specific for the tumor type. Staging is based.
Aims Chemical carcinogens Viral carcinogenesis
Chapter 6 Cancer. Frequency and Significance Cancer is the 2 nd leading cause of death in the United States Obviously, the term cancer covers many types.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Joe Cliver. Definition  Hodgkin's lymphoma or formerly known as Hodgkin's disease is a cancer of the lymphatic system, which is part.
Principles of Grading & Staging of Malignant Tumors with Local & Systemic Manifestations Slides were taken from Dr. Amany Fathaddin, MD Assistant professor-
Neoplasia Lecture 2 Maha Arafah,MD,KSFP Abdulmalik Alsheikh, MD, FRCPC CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS OF.
Principles of Surgical Oncology
Lecture # 42 NEOPLASIA - 3 Dr
Neoplasia 7 Dr. Hiba Wazeer Al Zou’bi. Clinical aspects of neoplasia Both malignant and benign tumors may cause problems because of (1) location and impingement.
Malignant Epithelial Tumors
General Pathology Basic Principles of Cellular and Organ Pathology Oncology - II Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol.,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague.
NEOPLASIA -4 Dr Samal Nauhria Viral and Bacterial Oncogenesis HTLV-1 : a retrovirus, endemic in Japan, the Caribbean, and parts of.
Nursing Management: Hematologic Problems Chapter 31 Overview Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Prepared by : Dr. Nehad J. Ahmed. Cancer is a disease that results from abnormal growth and differentiation of tissues. Tumor or neoplasm - A mass of.
Neoplasia By Prof.Dr. Ahmed Mohy El Din Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs): Define neoplasia: Differentiate neoplastic from non neoplastic lesions. Classify.
Asymptomatic lymphadenopathy Mediastinal mass Systemic symptoms Fever, Pruritus Other nonspecific symptoms and paraneoplastic syndromes Intra-abdominal.
Cancer: Staging and Grading What is meant by the term “biopsy”? How do tumors behave differently from one another ? Examples of the stages of cancer and.
CLINICAL ASPECT OF GRADING AND STAGING Hanggoro Tri Rinonce, MD, PhD Department of Anatomical Pathology Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University.
GRADING AND STAGING OF TUMORS Dr.Ashraf Abdelfatah Deyab Assistant Professor of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Almajma’ah Univeristy.
Chapter 7 Neoplasia.
R2 김재민 / Prof. 정재헌 Journal conference 1.
Ch.12 Immunology Applications
Advanced loco regional Regional breast cancer
GENERAL MEDICINE (VCM 401)
Dear Student, Welcome to the exciting & fascinating world of
Principles of Surgical Oncology
Chapter 3 Neoplasms 1.
Amany Fathaddin,MD Assistant professor Department of Pathology
Introduction to Pathology DR:Gehan mohamed
Neoplasia (6 of 6) Ali Al Khader, M.D. Faculty of Medicine
Cancer Staging.
Volume 155, Issue 2, Pages (August 2018)
Neoplasia of the cervix
Kidney.
Presentation transcript:

CLINICAL FEATURES OF NEOPLASIA BY : DR(MRS)B.J.THANENTHIRAN(MBBS)

Effects of tumor on host Direct effects due to primary tumors. Effects due to metastasis. Effects due to paraneoplastic syndromes.

Effects are Mechanical pressure & obstruction. Destruction of tissue infiltrate & destroy vital organs. Haemorrhage. Secondary infections.

Haematological disorders. Anaemia. Neutrophil leucocytosis. Eosinophilia. Pain, anxiety & insomnia. Immunological effects. Hodgkins depress cell mediated immunity. Multiple myeloma suppress immunoglobulins. Amyloidosis. Nephrotic syndrome.

Cancer cachexia – wasting syndrome. progressive loss of body fat & lean body mass, accompanied by profound weakness, anorexia & anaemia. Origin of cancer cachexia is multifactorial. Anorexia Reduced food intake due to abnormalities of taste & in the central control of appetite. Malabsorption. Liver involvement. High calorie expenditure due to increased basal metabolic rate. Infection.

Paraneoplastic syndromes Symptom complexes other than cachexia Occurs in patients with cancer Cannot be explained by local / distant spread of tumor or by the elaboration of hormones indigenous to the tissues of origin of the tumor. They may represent the earliest manifestation of an occult neoplasm. They may mimic metabolic lesions. They may represent significant clinical problems & may be lethal.

Grading & staging of tumor Grading – Based on the cytological differentiation of tumor cells & the number of mitosis within the tumor. Grade I Grade II Increasing anaplasia Grade III Grade IV Criteria for individual grades vary with each form of neoplasia.

Size of the primary lesion T(tumor) Staging – Depends on Size of the primary lesion T(tumor) Spread to regional lymph nodes N(nodes) Presence/absence of metastasis M(mets) With increasing size of the tumor T1 < T2 < T3 < T4 Progressively advancing nodal involvement N0 < N1 < N2 < N3 Absence or presence of metastasis M0 / M1 Compared to grading, staging has greater clinical values.

Laboratory diagnosis of cancer Morphological methods Biochemical assays Molecular diagnosis Molecular profiling of tumors

Morphological methods Sampling by Excision Biopsy FNAC Cytological smears

Immunocytochemistry Immunohistochemistry Flow cytometry

Biochemical assays Measuring enzymes, hormones & other tumor markers in blood. These assays contribute to finding cases & are useful in determining the effectiveness of therapy. Eg – PSA, CEA

Molecular profiling of tumors Molecular diagnosis PCR ( Polymerase Chain Reaction) FISH ( Fluorescent insitu hybridization) Molecular profiling of tumors DNA micro assay analysis

THANK YOU