Risk, Toxicology, and Human Health G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14th Edition Chapter 19

Key Concepts Types of hazards people face Defining and measuring toxicology Types and measurement of chemical hazards Types and effects of biological hazards Risk estimation, management, and reduction

Risk and Probability Risk Risk assessment Risk management Probability Fig. 19-2 p. 410

Hazards Cultural hazards Physical hazards Chemical hazards Biological hazards Fig. 19-1 p. 409

Toxicology Toxicity Dosage Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Synergism Fig. 19-4 p. 411 Toxicity Dosage Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Synergism Response Acute effect Chronic effect Fig. 19-3 p. 411

Poisons Poison Median lethal dose (LD50) See Table 19-1 p. 414 Fig. 19-5 p. 413

Dose-Response Curves Dose-response Nonthreshold Threshold Fig. 19-6 p. 414

Chemical Hazards Hazardous chemicals Mutagens Teratogens Carcinogens Neurotoxins Hormonally active agents Precautionary principle

Biological Hazards: Diseases Nontransmissible disease Fig. 19-13 p. 425 Transmissible disease Pathogens Vectors Tuberculosis HIV/AIDS Malaria

Reducing Infectious Diseases Fig. 19-15 p. 426

Bioterrorism Possible targets: air, water, and food Inexpensive Fairly easy to produce biological agents Recombinant DNA techniques Refer to Fig. 19-16 p. 427

Risk Analysis Risk analysis Comparative risk analysis System reliability Risk management Risk perception

Risk Analysis Fig. 19-17 p. 428