Constitutional Convention, Ratification, and the Bill of Rights STAAR MORNING REVIEW Constitutional Convention, Ratification, and the Bill of Rights

THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION What was it? A meeting of delegates (representatives) of all the states except Rhode Island Where? Independence Hall in Philadelphia, PA (the same building where the Declaration of Independence was signed) Why? The goal was to re-write the failed Articles of Confederation Who? The brightest men of the nation (Jefferson called them “demigods”) including, Washington, Franklin, Madison, and Hamilton. Jefferson was away in France and Adams was in Britain. Patrick Henry didn’t go because he “smelled a rat.”

CONVENTION How strong should the government be? How will freedom be protected? (Remember your DBQ about how the Constitution guards against TYRANNY?)

REPRESENTATION This was the biggest issue Large State Plan, or the Virginia Plan 2 house legislature Based on states’ populations More people = more votes STRONG federal government

REPRESENTATION Small State, or New Jersey Plan 1 house legislature Based on equality of the states One state = one vote No strong federal government Can you see the beginnings of the conflict of ideas that will plague the Adams’, Jackson, and Lincoln administrations??

This is “The Great Compromise” House based on population Makes large states happy (Virginia Plan) In the Senate all states are equal Makes small states happy (New Jersey Plan) This is “The Great Compromise”

This is the 3/5ths COMPROMISE SLAVES Count Slaves? Southern states say, YES! Northern states say, NO WAY! Compromise States can count 3/5 of their slave population toward representation This is the 3/5ths COMPROMISE

RATIFICATION Ratify means to officially approve 9 of 13 states were required (but all were wanted) Rhode Island is the last to approve it

The Debate Federalists argued FOR the Constitution U.S. needs a STRONG central government Checks and Balances, Separation of Powers, etc. will guard against TYRANNY Hamilton, Madison and Jay write THE FEDERALIST PAPERS to convince voters to ratify

The Debate Anti-Federalists argued AGAINST the Constitution Government is TOO strong No guarantee of INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS Patrick Henry and George Mason are Anti-Fed leaders

Bill of Rights The 1st ten Amendments to the Constitution The Bill of Rights shields Americans from the abuses of government. Thanks, Anti-Federalists!!!

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It is something over which you will be tested! 3rd Do you remember the Quartering Act? It was a GRIEVANCE listed in the Declaration of Independence. Can you see how the Constitution addresses grievances listed in the Declaration? It is something over which you will be tested!

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JURY TRIAL IN CIVIL CASES 7th JURY TRIAL IN CIVIL CASES

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