Polyketide Proofreading by an Acyltransferase-like Enzyme

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Polyketide Proofreading by an Acyltransferase-like Enzyme

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Polyketide Proofreading by an Acyltransferase-like Enzyme Katja Jensen, Holger Niederkrüger, Katrin Zimmermann, Anna L. Vagstad, Jana Moldenhauer, Nicole Brendel, Sarah Frank, Petra Pöplau, Christoph Kohlhaas, Craig A. Townsend, Marco Oldiges, Christian Hertweck, Jörn Piel Chemistry & Biology Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages 329-339 (March 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.01.005 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Selected Products of Trans-AT PKS Pathways Compounds are bacillaene (1), pederin (2), psymberin (3), and rhizoxin (4). Chemistry & Biology 2012 19, 329-339DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.01.005) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 SNAC Derivatives Tested in the Hydrolysis Assays For the preparation of compounds 6–9 see Experimental Procedures. See also Figure S1. Chemistry & Biology 2012 19, 329-339DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.01.005) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Phylogram of AT-like Enzymes from Various Trans-AT PKS Pathways Tip labels consist of accession numbers, protein name, and domain architecture. For multidomain proteins, the relevant domain is shown in bold. Sequences from the following pathways were used: Bae, bacillaene (B. amyloliquefaciens); Bat, batumin/kalimantacin (Pseudomonas fluorescens); Bry, bryostatin (“Candidatus Endobugula sertula”); Dfn, difficidin (B. amyloliquefaciens); Dsz, disorazol (Sorangium cellulosum); Els, elansolid (Chitinophaga pinensis); Kir, kirromycin (Streptomyces collinus); Lnm, leinamycin (Streptomyces atroolivaceus); Mmp, mupirocin (Pseudomonas fluorescens); Ozm, oxazolomycin (ADI12766 is from Streptomyces bingchenggensis and ABS90474 from Streptomyces albus); Psy, psymberin (uncultivated symbiont of sponge Psammocinia aff. bulbosa); Rhi, rhizoxin (Burkholderia rhizoxina); Sor, soraphen (Sorangium cellulosum). Outgroup is the E. coli AT from fatty acid biosynthesis (FabD). Chemistry & Biology 2012 19, 329-339DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.01.005) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Acyltransferase Assay Using the Pederin ATs (A) SDS-PAGE analysis of incubations containing PedD (lanes 1–5, 13–17) or PedC (lanes 6–8, 18–20), radiolabeled malonyl-CoA (lanes 1–12) or acetyl-CoA (lanes 13–21), and the ACPs of PedI3 (tandem ACP) or PedN. ACPs were in the holo form or the apo form, the latter indicated by an A. Protein markers are indicated with an M. (B) Autoradiogram of the same gel. See also Figure S2. Chemistry & Biology 2012 19, 329-339DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.01.005) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Hydrolysis Assays Using Acyl-SNAC and -ACP Test Substrates (A) Reaction rates observed for various SNAC derivatives. Error bars specify standard deviations. (B) Consumption of hexanoyl-SNAC by PedC. After treatment of the thioester with PedC, aliquots were removed and separated by HPLC. The diagram shows the amount of hexanoyl-SNAC determined by manual integration at 232 nm at different reaction time points. (C) Phosphor image of PksA acyl-ACP hydrolysis assays with PedC. The signal is emitted from radiolabeled acyl-ACP after electrophoretic separation of proteins. Acyl-ACP (10 μM) was treated for 10 min with 0 (minus sign indicates negative control), 5, 0.83, 0.14, 0.023, or 0.005 μM PedC. See also Figures S3 and S4. Chemistry & Biology 2012 19, 329-339DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.01.005) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions