1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures Militarism… Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

Allied Powers: Central Powers: Alliances

Imperialism

Nationalism

US Entry into WWI

Catalyst Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to Austro-Hungarian throne) and his wife Sophie = assassinated Black Hand = Serbian terrorist group Gavrilo Princip = Serbian Terrorist

2. Germany offers Austria a “Blank Check” – Ger 2. Germany offers Austria a “Blank Check” – Ger. promise 100% support if Aust. declares war 3. Aust. declares war on Serbia 4. Web of alliances  Central Powers: Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, Serbia 5. US’ Initial response = Isolationism: stay neutral I feel so alone  Isolationism

Europe in 1914

Who’s To Blame?

Trench Warfare

War Is HELL !!

Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

a. Schlieffen Plan: Ger attack France by going through Belgium US entry into War 1. Britain’s Propaganda a. Schlieffen Plan: Ger attack France by going through Belgium

b. Against rules of war… Belgium = Neutral country c. Brit tell Americans that Germans rape Belgian women and kill babies

British Exaggerate Story “The wife came out with a little suckling child. She put the child down and sprang at the Germans like a lioness. She clawed their faces. One of the Germans took a rifle and struck her a tremendous blow with the butt [of gun] on the head. Another took his bayonet and fixed it and thrust it through the child. He then put his rifle on his shoulder with the child up on it, its little arms stretched out once or twice.”

3. Sinking of the Lusitania Initially, US trades with both sides… sell weapons British Blockade North Sea: prevent Americans from trading with Germany

unterseeboots 2. Sinking of the Lusitania Initially, US trades with both sides… sell weapons British Blockade North Sea: prevent Americans from trading with Germany Germans develop U-Boat undetectable submarine Germans sink ships without warning – against rules of war! unterseeboots Rules of War – Civilized; warn people of attacks

3. Dumba Affair Austrian Ambassador accused of Espionage (spying) wanted to start strikes in US factories No factories = no goods = no supplies to Allies / Austrian enemies

4. Zimmerman Telegram Encrypted (coded) telegram sent to Mexico from Germans Want an alliance if US enters war Ger promises to help Mex regain AZ, TX, NM

Hear Ye, Hear Ye, This Court is Now in Session

Today we have before us the Great War Case Today we have before us the Great War Case. The question before this court is whether the United States should join the war effort… or remain neutral. Representing the prosecution in this case is YOU. For the remaining time in class, you will act as a lawyer. With your group, you must help convince a jury of you peers that it is crucial the US become involved in the war effort. Here’s the catch… there are many reasons why the US eventually aided the Allies, but your group will only get to argue ONE of them. You must present this ONE cause in such a way that if it were the ONLY cause, the US would still have gone to war. You may use your notes in addition to the background reading I have supplied for any information.

(5 points each) Exhibit A – physical evidence Exhibit B – physical evidence A visual – graph, map, timeline, chart, etc An eye witness A prepared statement that is written ahead of time and read aloud as a closing statement – this should SUMMARIZE WHY WE SHOULD GO TO WAR. Remember to be persuasive, clear, creative, and logical! (10 points)