A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Introduction Notes

What is Realism? Literature that attempts to create the appearance of life as it is actually experienced. Commonplace, everyday life rather than extraordinary events (Oedipus) are the focus. (1875-1900) Records details of ordinary life Concentrates on the typical/average “Joe” (not royalty) Examines a slice of life

Realism Characteristics Speak the way we speak in real life Conflicts involve work, love, marriage, children, death Deals with factories, slums, bosses, social outcasts, shopkeepers, the rising & struggling middle class Portrays man imprisoned by forces he could not control or understand. Viewed society as restricting.

Realism on Stage Attempts to create the illusion of “real life” on stage Scenery is real “life-like” language “well-made” plots 4th wall convention - actors address each other; they do not speak directly to audience

Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) Father of realism and the modern drama He moved away from romanticism and its use of stereotyped characters, exaggerated emotions, and flowery language Explored controversial topics of his time

Ibsen’s style Lack of metaphors Presence of symbolism Short, choppy, dialogue

A “social problem” play Addresses controversial topics, problems in society A Doll House – inferior role of women An Enemy of the People – corrupt public officials Want to teach about & correct social probs Danger is playwright has to create characters with whom the audience can identify otherwise play feels like propaganda

Major Themes in A Doll House Coming-of-age and loss-of-innocence Loss of female identity that the inferior position of women in this society fostered Concept that one’s highest duty is to oneself, even if that duty appears to break all the rules of society The idea that the appearance of things does not always mirror reality and, sometimes, may mask the true reality