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Over Time Means

Over Time Issues of importance past, present and future Applying something historic to present knowledge Predicting something based upon present knowledge

Over Time Applying From Past to Present Noting Change

Thinking Skills Describe the topic over time Judge with Criteria Identify Relationships of a topic Identify different time periods

Thinking Skills Determine relevance of knowing this topic over time Differentiate fact from opinion

Key Questions How are ideas related to the past, present and future? How are these ideas related within or during a particular time period?

Key Questions How has time affected the information? How and why do things change or remain the same?

Big Idea

Big Ideas are: Generalizations. Related to many instances Developed from many facts

Big Ideas are: Overarching concepts. Related to global themes Related to universal themes Principles, laws and theories

Thinking Skills Identify / Describe the Big Idea List the evidence needed to support your idea. Infer from supporting evidence / information

Key Questions Generalize What overarching statement best describes what is being studied?

Key Questions Identify the main idea What general statement includes what is being studied?

Thinking Skills Categorize / classify Determine relevance Prove with evidence

Multiple Perspectives Are: Different points of view. Ways of seeing and reporting things. Often dependent on time and place.

Multiple Perspectives Are: Seen from different slants. Affected by roles and responsibilities. Myth & legend versus nonfiction.

Thinking Skills Describe the multiple perspectives on an issue or topic. Identify relationships among perspectives. Identify a different point of view and explain it.

Thinking Skills Use a criteria to judge the various points of view. Prioritize the most important perspectives. Determine relevance of various points of view.

Key Questions What perspectives do experts have? How does point of view affect what we learn? When is your perspective different from others? Why?

Thinking Skills Methods for interpreting evidence. What are opposing viewpoints? How do different people see this event or situation.

Trends

Trends Are: General directions / course of action Tendencies Current styles Drifts Influences / forces Changes over time

Thinking Skills Describe the trend you are seeing. Compare and Contrast. Identify relationships among trends. Determine Cause and effect.

Thinking Skills Categorize and classify trends. Prioritize the most important. Predict a direction. Formulate questions

Thinking Skills Determine the relevance. Judge the importance of a trend with criteria. Prove the influence of a trend with evidence. Formulate questions.

Key Questions What ongoing factors have influenced this study? What factors have contributed to this study? How are other patterns and details related to this?

Key Questions What causes of action affected the development of ideas about this topic? What social, political, technological, and popular ideas affected the knowledge about this topic?

Patterns are: Predictive. Able to be replicated. Cycles. Repetitive

Patterns are: Made up of details. Person made and natural designs. Motifs and recurring elements.

Thinking Skills Describe the patterns. Define cause and effect Prioritize the most important patterns Categorize and classify patterns

Thinking Skills Identify relationships among patterns. Determine the relevance. Spot sequence of pattern parts. Use a criteria to judge the importance of a pattern.

Thinking Skills Seek Patterns of types of documents. Search for time lines. Look for great times / great people. Spot pattern of past / present / future.

Rules

Rules are: Standards Related to structure Authoritative directions Conduct or procedure

Rules are: Statements of truth (all or most of the time) Methods Organizational elements

Thinking Skills Describe the Rules. Prioritize the most important rules Categorize and classify Rules Identify relationships among rules.

Thinking Skills Determine the relevance. Use a criteria to judge the importance of a rule. Identify the implicit and explicit rules How do you evaluate rules’ efficiency and validity?

Key Questions How are rules related to patterns and details? Compare structural rules to procedural rules. Differentiate fact from opinion Differentiate fact from fantasy and conjecture

Details are: Clues, facts, features Data, ideas, traits Items, parts, particulars Specifics, elements, factors, attributes

Thinking Skills Describe the detail. Prioritize the most important details. Note ambiguity among details Categorize / classify details

Thinking Skills Identify relationships among details. Determine relevance. Sequence the details Select details to determine bias or absence of bias

Key Questions Which details are more important than others? What is your evidence for this? What distinguishes this from other things? What features characterize this?

Unanswered Questions

Unanswered Questions are: A puzzle or conundrum Unsolved / unknown Something unexplained A dilemma Doubtful or uncertain

Thinking Skills Describe / state an unanswered question. Note ambiguity Distinguish fact from fiction Formulate questions.

Thinking Skills Identify missing information Test assumptions Prove the importance with evidence Prove the validity with evidence

Thinking Skills Describe the unknown details or stimuli for the event. Identify the origins of an unanswered question. How do you evaluate an unanswered question’s importance?

Key Questions How do you determine if, in fact, a question is unanswered? Which areas of science or human behavior can you connect with unanswered questions? What are the missing steps of a historical development?

Across Disciplines

Across Disciplines means: Multidisciplinary. Interdisciplinary Connections among disciplines. Touching on many subjects at once.

Thinking Skills Describe the topic in terms of different disciplines. Prioritize various subject areas’ importance to the topic. Identify relationships among information from different disciplines.

Thinking Skills Use a criteria to judge the various points of view. Compare and contrast information from various disciplines. Society as expressed in math, art and science.

Thinking Skills Describe a topic’s place in more than one discipline or subject area. Sort information you are studying into several disciplines.

Key Questions How is “across disciplines” related to “multiple perspectives”? How do experts in a discipline learn from experts in other disciplines?

Language of the Disciplines

Language of the Disciplines are: Nomenclature and Terminology Jargon and idiom Figures of speech Signs and symbols Tools of the discipline Combinations and patterns of terms

Thinking Skills Identify / list / define terms Prioritize the most important items Identify relationships among terms Categorize the terms or tools

Thinking Skills Judge the criteria for specifying terms Distinguish appropriateness of usage of terminology Determine relevance

Key Questions What words are specific to the work of this discipline? What tools are used by the experts in this discipline? What are the origins of new terms in this discipline?

Thinking Skills Terms Terms of geography, history, science, math. Characteristics, features, elements. Terms, signs and symbols. Facts, evidence, chronology Statistical data. Theories, laws, principles.

Ethics

Ethics are found in: Controversies / Dilemmas Biases / prejudices Decision making Principles of “right” behavior

Ethics are found in: A set of theories of moral values Professional rules or standards Value laden ideas Philosophies / metaphysics (first principles)

Key Questions Describe the ethical issue you find How does an ethical issue affect the information you are studying? Why are there different ethical issues in different times and places?

Key Questions What are some universal ethics and values? How do ethics get developed? How does a culture teach or transmit its ethics?

Thinking Skills Determine bias / determine relevance Identify relationships among ethical issues Prioritize the most important ethical issues Judge the ethical issue using a criteria Distinguish fact from opinion Test assumptions

Thinking Skills Human rights issues / conflicts Laws vs. justice The ability to dissent Use of propaganda