Cells Chapter 2
The Cell (School Building) Cell- The basic unit of function and structure in living things. Cells come in many shapes and sizes.
Cell Wall (Outer Gate) Strong, rigid wall that protects the cell and gives it shape. Plants, bacteria, fungi and some protists have Cell Walls.
Cell Membrane (Outside walls, roof, foundation) The outer covering of a cell. Used for protection and support. Controls what enters into the cell.
Cytoplasm A gel-like substance found inside the cell. Used to support the organelles.
Organelles Structures within a cell with special functions. There are many types of organelles, with different functions!
Nucleus (Main Office) Regulates and controls all the activities within a cell. Contains chromosomes- Thick strands of DNA that do not leave the nucleus.
Chloroplast (Cafeteria) Green organelle that makes sugar for plants. Chloroplast is used in photosynthesis. Contain chlorophyll- Green pigment that captures the sun’s light. Plants contain chloroplast.
Mitochondria (Generator) Rod-shaped organelle that provides energy for the cell. The POWERHOUSE of the cell!
Ribosomes (Students) Tiny organelles that are used to make proteins. Some float throughout the cytoplasm, some are stuck to other organelles.
Vacuoles (Lockers) Organelles that are used for storage. Vacuoles store food, water and waste.
Lysosomes (Custodians) Small round organelles that contain digestive chemicals. Used to break down food, waste and dying organelles.
Golgi body (packaging center or mailroom) Receives proteins and other materials then packs them together for transport.
Golgi Body
Golgi Body
Endoplasmic reticulum: (hallways) Passageways that carry the proteins and other materials around the cell. Two types – Rough – due to ribosomes Smooth
Chloroplast Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Lysosomes Vacuoles Organelles Ribosomes Lysosomes Vacuoles
From Cell to Organism Groups of cells combine to form tissues. Groups of tissue combine to form organs.
From Cell to Organism (Cont) Groups of organs combine to form organ systems. Groups of organ systems combine to form an organism.
Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms