Skin temperature measured by infrared thermography after specific ultrasound-guided blocking of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, and median nerves.

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Skin temperature measured by infrared thermography after specific ultrasound-guided blocking of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, and median nerves in the upper extremity K.H.W. Lange, T. Jansen, S. Asghar, P.L. Kristensen, M. Skjønnemand, P. Nørgaard British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 106, Issue 6, Pages 887-895 (June 2011) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer085 Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 AOIs in the forearm and hand. Circular light blue areas on the second and fifth digit depict Tspot. (a) Prone (dorsal) position; (b) supine (palmar) position. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 106, 887-895DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer085) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Mean skin temperature in the AOIs (TsAOI) at baseline and at 2 min intervals after performing the specific musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerve blocks. Included in the median nerve AOI is the AOI innervated by the radial nerve on the dorsal hand (Fig. 1a). Values are means (sem). P-values obtained by a repeated-measures anova, including the values at t=0, 6, 10, and 22 min. n=7 in the musculocutaneous and radial nerve groups. n=14 in the median and ulnar nerve groups (both seven dorsal and seven palmar measurements). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 106, 887-895DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer085) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Typical infrared thermographic images of the hand in the prone position after performing the specific ulnar nerve block. (a) Baseline; (b) 22 min after performing the block. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 106, 887-895DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer085) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Typical infrared thermographic images of the hand in the prone position after performing the specific median nerve block. (a) Baseline, (b) 4 min, (c) 5 min, (d) 6 min, (e) 7 min, and (f) 22 min after performing the block. The skin temperature initially increases at the fingertips and extends proximally along the veins. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 106, 887-895DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer085) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Mean skin temperature after specific ulnar and median nerve blocking. Pooled data from both groups. Measurements performed at the fingertips (tips), at the wrist, and the dorsal and palmar AOI of each nerve (Fig. 1). Included in the data after median nerve block are data from areas innervated by the radial nerve on the dorsal side of the hand (Fig. 1a). Values are means (sem). P-values obtained by a repeated-measures anova, including the values at t=0, 6, 10, and 22 min. n=14 in the palmar and dorsal groups, n=28 in the wrist and tip groups. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 106, 887-895DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer085) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions