Chapter 1 Section 4 The Colonies Come of Age Standard 11.1.1, 11.3.2

Triangular Trade English took rum to Africa in exchange for people People sold into slavery in West Indies for sugar/molasses Sugar sent to England for profit and more rum

Triangular Trade The cycle of enslavement was repeated over and over again “Middle Passage” was the trip to the West Indies from Africa

Triangle Trade The African experience in transport included: Being branded for identification Being packed into ship cargo holds 20% dying from disease and beatings

Triangle Trade Experience of African Slaves in the Americas 80% worked in fields 20% worked in homes and as artisans Continued to practice parts of their culture Some took part in open revolts against their slave masters

The Renaissance (1300-1600) Positive Effect: Enlightenment proposes truths can be discovered through logic & reason Negative Effect: Religious groups believe it pulls people away from the Church authorities and faith

The Renaissance In Salem, Pilgrims arrest hundreds of people for witchcraft 19 men & women convicted and hung Massachusetts Charter (1691) forces Puritans to: Have religious tolerance Give voting rights to all Decline strict enforcement of Puritan code

The Renaissance The “Great Awakening” (1740’s and 50’s) Revivals aimed at restoring Puritan ways Preachers traveled preaching their ways Led to: Colonists, natives, and African slaves joining Christian Churches New church denominations gained membership Interest in education grows and religious colleges are founded Challenged the authority of established churches

Effects of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening The Enlightenment emphasized reasoning The Great Awakening emphasized emotionalism BOTH caused people to question authority BOTH stressed the importance of the individual BOTH movements are important in creating the intellectual and social atmosphere that led to the American Revolution

The French and Indian War As the French empire in North America expanded, it collided with the growing British empire. The French colonists were interested in trade and had good relations with the Natives The French began to explore the Ohio River and claimed land around the river for France

The French and Indian War In 1754 the French built Fort Duquesne in the region despite the Virginia Governor already promising the land to the British. George Washington @ 22 went to conquer the fort but failed 1 year later he returned with General Braddock but failed due to Native attacks William Pitt organizes British troops and with Braddock and Washington they defeat the French Iroquois Indians become allies of the British

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War British launch a surprise attack on Quebec and it wins them the war Treaty of Paris (1763): Gives most of the land to the British and strips away land from the French and Spain

The French and Indian War Problems that resulted: Colonist were angered by the Proclamation of 1763 which prevented settlement West of the Appalachian Mountains Stationing of British troops in colonies were seen as a threat by colonists British doubled their national debt with war expenses