Germany and the Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia

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Central European Monarchs Clash

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Presentation transcript:

Germany and the Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia Reaction to the Thirty Years War, the Reformation and the Failure of the Holy Roman Empire.

The Holy Roman Empire 1618

Not Holy, Roman nor an Empire 1618: Austria strongest state but not dominate. North Lutheran South Catholic Calvinist minorities Saxony, Palatinate and Netherlands stronger than Brandenburg in most ways.

Rise of Brandenburg or the House of Hohenzollern Frederick William (16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia – and thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia – from 1640 until his death. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "the Great Elector" (der Große Kurfürst) “Winner” in the Thirty Years War Created the “Prussian” Army (Prussia is not a country with an army, it is an army with a country) Clausewitz

Brandenburg-Prussia 1618-1740

Two Strong Kings between two Great Leaders 1640-1786 Frederick III (I), 1688–1713 King “in” Prussia Establishes the Prussian Bureaucracy Frederick William I of Prussia 1713-1740 Creation of Absolutism Tied together the strings of Prussia Created a strong treasury Father of Frederick II (The Great)

Austrian Counter-Point Leopold I turns southeast and east. 1526: Parts of Hungary are added to Austria 1648: Treaty of Westphalia makes the Holy Roman Empire powerless. As the Hapsburgs were usually the “emperor” this weakened the Hapsburg-Austrian power in the Germany. France often linked to Bavaria the other major Catholic region in Germany. 1683: Relief of Vienna begins the retreat of the Ottoman Empire. 1699: Conquest of Hungary 1748: Loss of Silesia to Prussia (Brandenburg)

Austrian Counter-Point

Conclusions Prussia had three periods: Austria had four periods Expansion 1640-1806 Defeat and Rebirth 1806-1848 Creation of the Modern German State 1849-1871 Austria had four periods HRE period 14th-17th Centuries Initial South-East Expansion 1618-1648 Defender of Europe from the Turk 1648-1830 Balkan Phase 1830-1918 (Russia and Serbia vs Austria-Hungary)