FUNGI!

FUNGI!! Mostly multi-cellular, but can be unicellular Can not move Heterotrophs Decomposers; absorb nutrients

Fungus Structure Hyphae: thread-like filaments that develop spores Septa Mycellium Hyphae: thread-like filaments that develop spores Septa: cross walls that divide hyphae into individual cells Mycellium: the network of branched hyphae

Fungus Structure Mycellium is made of different kinds of hyphae 3 main functions Anchor fungus Invade food source Form reproductive structures Cell walls made of Chitin Provides strength and flexibility to each fungal cell

Obtaining Energy Heterotrophic Decomposers Process used to digest food: Extracellular digestion Hyphae grow into cells of organic material and release digestive enzymes that break down material and sent it thorough hyphae into the fungus

Types of Fungi: Zygomycote Bread Molds Food Molds

Types of Fungi: Basidiomycotes More Familiar Mushrooms, puffballs, stink holes, and nest fungus

Types of Fungi: Ascomycote Largest division Sac Fungus-small sacs of fungus Used in genetic research, bread and alcohol production Examples: yeast

Types of Fungi: Deuteromycotes Used in vaccines: penicillin, antibiotics Examples: Penicillium

Types of Fungi: Chytridiomycotes Aquatic fungi that provide clues about the evolution of fungi Once classified as protists because they have a flagella Mainly saprophytes, but some are parasites One of the reasons for the decline of amphibians

Types of Fungi: Glomeromycota Form symbiotic relationships with plants Forms a mycorrhiza, symbiotic relationship between the fungus and plant roots Reproduce asexually with spores

Fungal Reproduction Sexual or asexual, depending on species and environmental conditions Three methods: Fragmentation: Asexual Budding: Asexual Spore Formation: Asexual OR Sexual

Fungal Reproduction Fragmentation Budding Spore Formation Multicellular. Pieces of hyphae are broken off and grow into new mycelia. Ex: Deuteromycotes Budding Unicellular. After mitosis, new cell “buds” from the original. Ex: Zygomycotes Spore Formation Multicellular. Spores produced in a sporangium. Once spore is in a favorable environment where new mycellium is formed. Ex: Basidiomycotes, Ascomycotes, Zygomycotes

Symbiosis In Fungus Mutualism: Fungus and photosynthetic partner Lichens: Fungus and Green Algae Parasitism: Absorb nutrients from living things with special hyphae that help absorb the host’s nutrients Saprophytes: Decomposers; feed on dead waste