Health Impact due to Climate Change.

How does climate change affect health? World Health Organization 17 January 2019 How does climate change affect health?

Climate change undermines the environmental determinants of health World Health Organization 17 January 2019 Climate change undermines the environmental determinants of health Climate change will compromise: Water quality and quantity: Contributing to a doubling of people living in water-stressed basins by 2050. Food security: In some African countries, yields from rain-fed agriculture may be halved by 2020. Control of infectious disease: Increasing population at risk of malaria in Africa by 170 million by 2030, and at risk of dengue by 2 billion by 2080s. Protection from disasters: Increasing exposure to coastal flooding and land area in extreme drought . ---WHO

How does climate change affect health Moderating influences HEALTH EFFECTS Heat-related illness, death Flood, storm-related health effects Air pollution effects Water- and food borne diseases Vector-borne and rodent-borne disease REGIONAL WEATHER CHANGES: - extreme weather - temperature - precipitation CLIMATE CHANGE Air pollution levels Contamination pathways Transmission dynamics Adaptation measures

World Health Organization 17 January 2019 Climate change connects to many adverse health impacts Modulating influences Health effects Temperature-related illness and death Extreme weather- related health effects Air pollution-related health effects Water and food-borne diseases Vector-borne and rodent- borne diseases Effects of food and water shortages Effects of population displacement Human exposures Regional weather changes Heat waves Extreme weather Temperature Precipitation Contamination pathways Transmission dynamics Agroecosystems, hydrology Socioeconomics, demographics CLIMATE CHANGE Reference: Patz, J.A., Engelberg, D. and Last, J., 2000. The effects of changing weather on public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 21: 271-307. Based on Patz et al, 2000

Evidence on biological effects of observed climate change effects on physiology: metabolic or development rates of animals, and plant processes; effects on distributions: response to shifts in mean temperature and precipitation conditions Effect on phenology: timing of life-cycle events, e.g. budding of flowers or egg laying; Adaptation: species with short generation times and rapid population growth rates may undergo some micro-evolution. -----Hughes 2000

World Health Organization 17 January 2019 Some of the largest disease burdens are climate-sensitive Each year: - Undernutrition kills 3.5 million. - Diarrhoea kills 2.2 million. - Malaria kills 900,000. - Extreme weather events kill 60,000. WHO estimates that the climate change that has occurred since the 1970s already kills over 140,00 per year.

World Health Organization 17 January 2019 Increases in diseases of poverty may be even more important Diarrhoea is related to temperature and precipitation. In Lima, Peru diarrhoea increased 8% for every 10C temperature increase. (Checkley et al, Lancet, 2000)

World Health Organization 17 January 2019 Good thing is -Awareness rising: High public concern over climate risks to health Globescan poll in 30 countries (UNDP 2007): “Now I would like to ask you some questions about climate change, which is sometimes referred to as global warming or the greenhouse effect. Which ONE of the following possible impacts most concerns you personally, if any?”

World Health Organization 17 January 2019 Thanks