Getting Started BPS 7e Chapter 0 © 2014 W. H. Freeman and Company

Data What are two common methods for collecting data? experiments and statistical inference observational studies and experiments experiments and descriptive statistics observational studies and descriptive statistics

Data (answer) What are two common methods for collecting data? experiments and statistical inference observational studies and experiments experiments and descriptive statistics observational studies and descriptive statistics

Data Collection A researcher wants to evaluate whether a new method of teaching chemistry to high school students is more effective than the standard teaching method. To achieve this, the investigator divides the class randomly into two groups, group A and group B, and plans to implement a new teaching technique in group A while keeping the standard teaching method in group B. What common method of data collection is used in this study? experimental study observational study None of the above.

Data Collection (answer) A researcher wants to evaluate whether a new method of teaching chemistry to high school students is more effective than the standard teaching method. To achieve this, the investigator divides the class randomly into two groups, group A and group B, and plans to implement a new teaching technique in group A while keeping the standard teaching method in group B. What common method of data collection is used in this study? experimental study observational study None of the above.

Data Collection Data collected from opinion polls or surveys exemplify an __________. experimental study observational study None of the above.

Data Collection (answer) Data collected from opinion polls or surveys exemplify an __________. experimental study observational study None of the above.

Variation Because variation is everywhere, conclusions are uncertain. Statistics gives us a language for better understanding uncertainty. True False

Variation (answer) Because variation is everywhere, conclusions are uncertain. Statistics gives us a language for better understanding uncertainty. True False

Variation Variation is everywhere. However, repeated measurements on the same individual do not vary; and certainly not everything varies over time. True False

Variation (answer) Variation is everywhere. However, repeated measurements on the same individual do not vary; and certainly not everything varies over time. True False

Data and Analysis What are the major methods and strategies of data analysis? exploring data organizing data describing data All of the above.

Data and Analysis (answer) What are the major methods and strategies of data analysis? exploring data organizing data describing data All of the above.

Data and Analysis Which statement is incorrect with respect to statistical inference? To describe variation and uncertainty, statistical inference uses the language of probability. Statistical conclusions usually consist of “Yes” or “No” answers. Statistical inference involves drawing conclusions about some wider universe. None of the above.

Data and Analysis (answer) Which statement is incorrect with respect to statistical inference? To describe variation and uncertainty, statistical inference uses the language of probability. Statistical conclusions usually consist of “Yes” or “No” answers. Statistical inference involves drawing conclusions about some wider universe. None of the above.

Data and Analysis Almost all relationships between two observed characteristics or “variables” are influenced by other factors. To understand the relationship between two variables, often one must look at other variables. Careful statistical studies try to think of and measure possible ______ variables in order to correct for their influence. dependent lurking observational experimental

Data and Analysis (answer) Almost all relationships between two observed characteristics or “variables” are influenced by other factors. To understand the relationship between two variables, often one must look at other variables. Careful statistical studies try to think of and measure possible ______ variables in order to correct for their influence. dependent lurking observational experimental

Data and Analysis Statistical conclusions are “on the average” statements only, and even these “on the average” statements have an element of uncertainty. True False

Data and Analysis (answer) Statistical conclusions are “on the average” statements only, and even these “on the average” statements have an element of uncertainty. True False

Four-step Process How does the four-step process work in order to better understand the data? We must _____ a problem in its real-world context, _____ our specific statistical work in detail, ______the problem by making the necessary graphs and calculations, and _______by explaining what our findings say about the real-world setting. solve; state; plan; conclude state; solve; plan; conclude state; plan; solve; conclude

Four-step Process (answer) How does the four-step process work in order to better understand the data? We must _____ a problem in its real-world context, _____ our specific statistical work in detail, ______the problem by making the necessary graphs and calculations, and _______by explaining what our findings say about the real-world setting. solve; state; plan; conclude state; solve; plan; conclude state; plan; solve; conclude