Chapter 13 Section 1 Notes The “Roaring Twenties” Most popular nickname associated with the decade
Geography of the U.S. in the 1920s Rural Areas Urban Areas South and West U.S. Population staying the same Mostly agricultural (farming) Few chances to make more $$$ Conservative beliefs (stay same) Very religious Not much to do at night Close knit community Hardly any formal education Ethnically homogeneous North & East U.S. Gaining population Mostly industrial (factories) Many chances to make more $$$ Liberal beliefs (like change) Not very religious Good nightlife Impersonal society Better educated Ethnically diverse
Urban Rural
1920s – Religion and Science Clash Fundamentalism - believing everything in the Bible as fact. Example: God created the world and all its life forms in 6 days All content in Bible is true and shouldn’t be ?’d. Popular belief in Southern Rural areas Spread by preachers Billy Sunday = most famous – used radio
Darwinism - believing people, plants, and animals have evolved over millions of years. Survival of the Fittest Popular belief in Northern Urban Areas Spread in Schools and Colleges Darwin Published His theories In 1859. Most urban Began to Accept them As fact by The early 1900s Many rural Areas did not
The Conflict – Scopes Trial Background Tennessee made it illegal to teach evolution in school John T. Scopes (science teacher) did it anyway Arrested and went to trial
The Trial Prosecutor = William Jennings Bryan Former Dem. Pres. Candidate Very religious – Good speaker Defense Attorney = Clarence Darrow Famous lawyer at the time Case followed all around the world Became a circus
Decision Significance Scopes found guilty (never did jail time) Kept it illegal in TN to teach evolution in school for quite awhile Significance Science vs. Religion in schools was decided at state or local area for quite a while
Prohibition 18th Amendment (1920) supported by can’t buy, sell, make, or transport alcohol in the U.S. supported by rural areas (esp. South) women Religious WCTU Best Known Group Why Prohibition? Causes (pg. 437)
Provided $$$ to enforce the law Didn’t work well. WHY? Volstead Act Provided $$$ to enforce the law Didn’t work well. WHY? Not enough ($$$ or people) Too much land to cover Often bribed to look the other way
How did people still drink? Speakeasies Hidden bars and clubs For upper to middle class Cops knew about them Usually Did nothing. Why? drank there or got bribed
Bootleggers People learned to make their own prescriptions to use People brought in alcohol from outside the country People learned to make their own stills prescriptions to use alcohol as “medicine”
People bought alcohol from organized crime Paid off police and courts Large scale bootlegging Most Famous = Al Capone (Scarface) Made over $60 Million off illegal alcohol sales in Chicago
Overall Impact of Prohibition Effects (pg. 437) Within a few years, most people wanted to make drinking legal again 21st Amendment passed in 1933 (repealed Prohibition) REPEAL = DO AWAY WITH SOMETHING (LISTEN TO MY EXPLANATION!) SO… PROHIBITION LASTED ABOUT 13 YEARS OVERALL