IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER DCN: 21-08-0266-00-0000 Title: 802.21-Enabled Handovers in IMT-Advanced Date Submitted: September, 2008 Presented at IEEE 802.21 session #28 in Kona Authors or Source(s): Les Eastwood (Motorola) Vivek Gupta (Intel) Abstract: 802.21-enabled Handovers for IMT-Advanced 21-08-0266-00-0000

IEEE 802.21 presentation release statements This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.21 Working Group. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.21. The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as stated in Section 6 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board bylaws <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sect6-7.html#6> and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/faq.pdf>  IEEE 802.21 presentation release statements This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.21 Working Group. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.21. The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as outlined in Section 6.3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3> and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/guide.html>  21-08-0266-00-0000

IMT-A/802.11/802.21 Meeting Goals Sep-08 Background IMT-A 802.11 solution requires use of 802.16 Also allows 802.11 to be compliant with 802.16 solution 802.16 not sure about close connection with 802.11 in its IMT-A solution 802.16 would consider 802.21 as a media independent handover mechanism for non-802.16 technologies Goals What options should be favored by 802.21? Can 802.21 provide handover features for IMT.TECH? Bruce Kraemer (Marvell)21-08-0266-00-0000

Outline Overview of 802.21 IMT-Advanced Vision/Goals How 802.21enables 802.11 to meet IMT- Advanced Requirements And how it will enhance the 802.16 proposal for IMT-Advanced Summary 21-08-0266-00-0000

IEEE 802.21: Overview L2 Triggers & Measurements Network Information 802.21 MIH Function Protocol and Device Hardware Applications (VoIP/RTP) Connection Management WLAN Cellular WMAN L2 Triggers and Events Information Service Mobility Management Protocols Smart Triggers Handover Messages Handover Management Handover Policy IEEE 802.21 IETF L2 Triggers & Measurements State Change Predictive Network Initiated Network Information Available Networks Neighbor Maps Network Services Handover Commands Client Initiated Vertical Handovers 802.21 provides Vertical H/o solution across IEEE Technologies 21-08-0266-00-0000

Down selection Initial 802.21 Draft Text 802.21 History & Timeline 1H 2004 2H 2004 1H 2005 2H 2005 1H 2006 2H 2006 Year 2007 Year 2008 2009-2010 802.21 WG Created 14 Initial Proposals WG Letter Ballot Sponsor Ballot 802.21 Deployment* Initiate Amendments to 802.11u, 802.16g. IETF (MIPSHOP) on L3 802.21 Spec Ratified* Call For Proposals Down selection Initial 802.21 Draft Text *Projected Timelines Two New Study Groups (July – 2007) Security in Handovers Multi-Radio Power Management 21-08-0266-00-0000

ITU-R’s Vision for IMT-Advanced (“4G”) For 4G, the International Telecommunications Union-Radio Sector (ITU-R) sees a need for new wireless access technology. The new technology must support data rates much higher than IMT-2000’s (or 3G’s) 30Mbps maximum. Motivation: deliver wireless services competitive with broadband wireline. ITU-R’s vision for new IMT-Advanced concept: 100 Mbps for highly mobile access (at speeds of up to 250 km/hr) 1 Gbit/s for low mobility (pedestrian speeds or fixed) access. 21-08-0266-00-0000

ITU-R’s IMT-Advanced Vision 21-08-0266-00-0000

IEEE 802’s Responses to IMT-A Vision; 802.21’s Roles IEEE 802 extending both IEEE 802.11 and 802.16 for IMT-Adv IEEE 802.16’s new 802.16m spec: highly mobile (250km/hr.), high data rate (100Mbps), extension of 802.16 IEEE 802.11 Very High Throughput (VHT) up to 1Gbps, at stationary or pedestrian speeds Together, 802.16m and 802.11 VHT satisfy the ITU vision IEEE 802.21 adds mobility between 802.11VHT and 802.16m, and creates a single, integrated system for IMT-Advanced Ties the two radio systems together into one Improves 802.16m proposal Enables 802.11 proposal Possible basis of a dual-radio proposal (SRIT) Capable of smooth handovers required in IMT.TECH 21-08-0266-00-0000

Handovers in a Dual-Radio (e. g. 802. 16m/ 802 Handovers in a Dual-Radio (e.g. 802.16m/ 802.11VHT) IMT-Advanced System 21-08-0266-00-0000

HO Challenges; 802.21 Solutions Challenges in Inter-Technology Handovers Description 802.21-Based Solutions Network Discovery and Selection Handover decision making entity must continuously evaluate available access networks in a power efficient manner IEEE 802.21 enables inter-RAT (Radio Access Technology) network advertisements and also provides a mechanism to query candidate target networks (based on UE—User Equipment--location) and their properties. Requires L3 mobility signaling and a L3 anchor across networks. IEEE 802.21 provides link layer triggers that can optimize the performance of these L3 mobility management protocols. IP Session Continuity Low Latency and Single Radio Transmission Handovers Minimizing user disruption during handover requires session continuity when transitioning across radio technologies. Minimize handover latency to support real-time multimedia applications.Co-existence and interference issues may mandate that only one radio in a dual-radio UE can transmit at a given time during handovers. Both issues require target network preparation, while still connected to the source network. IEEE 802.21 provides signaling for resource query and resource reservation on the target network. This also requires inter-RAT interface between access gateways. Operator control in Target Network selection Operators may want to control/influence which target network the user selects. Thus there is a need to support network-initiated handovers. This also requires reporting radio measurements (e.g. link signal strength) across different radio access networks. IEEE 802.21 enables operators to enforce handover policies and decisions and also. A crucial issue for operators. enables inter-RAT measurement reporting. 21-08-0266-00-0000

IEEE 802.11 and 802.16 Drafts Already Incorporate 802.21 802.16g amendment incorporates 802.21 enhancements 802.21 participants contributing into 802.16m requirements IEEE 802.11 802.11u amendment incorporates 802.21 enhancements 21-08-0266-00-0000

Summary (1) IMT-Advanced (or “4G”) apps require both mobility and 1 Gb/s peak data rate At least two radio technologies needed Proposals for IMT-Advanced are likely to come from both IEEE 802.11 and 802.16 IEEE 802.16m for 100 Mb/s high mobility higher data rate fixed adjunct can enhance 802.11 VHT for 1 Gb/s at lower mobility needs a mobile adjunct to meet IMT-Adv requirements Implies an added need for technology to integrate dual radios into one system, enabling handovers particularly for real-time and streaming applications, these handovers should be imperceptible to the user (or seamless). 21-08-0266-00-0000

Summary (2) IEEE802.21 can provide the glue to enhance 802.16m’s proposal and to enable 802.11VHT’s by enabling seamless handovers between these two radio systems and for other cellular or IEEE 802 radios IEEE 802.21 adds unique value by supporting the challenging decision and pre-execution phases of intertechnology handovers, key determinants of latency. 802.21 provides mechanisms to prepare the target network before handover execution occurs, reducing latency 21-08-0266-00-0000

Backups on Handover Options 1 thru 5 (Chart #10) 21-08-0266-00-0000

Five Handover Options Handover Option Description User Mobility Status Example Motivation for Handover Comment Option 1 To a higher data rate radio access method Low user velocity both before and after handover User launches new application that needs higher data rate Option 2 To a higher data rate, lower mobility access High user speed initially, but decelerating to low speed User is running an application whose performance will improve with higher data rate Option 3 To a lower data rate, higher mobility access Low speed initially, but accelerating to high mobile speed Handover mandated by loss of low mobility access method Possible challenge: Application as set up before handover can not run at lower data rate Option 4 To lower or higher data rate access No change in mobility status Hand over to less costly access method User or operator could initiate Option 5 Traffic or congestion management Operator is likely initiator 21-08-0266-00-0000

Example 802.21 Messaging for Option 2 Handover 21-08-0266-00-0000