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Nat. Rev. Neurol. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.88 Figure 2 VEGF in the CNS Figure 2 | VEGF in the CNS. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has multiple roles in the CNS, both by affecting various neural cells directly, and by promoting vascular perfusion, transport of immune cells, and survival of cerebral blood vessel endothelial cells. VEGF also stimulates the production of neurogenic growth factors by endothelial cells. Permission obtained from Macmillan Publishers Ltd © Zacchigna, S. et al. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 169–181 (2008). Permission obtained from Macmillan Publishers Ltd © Zacchigna, S. et al. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 169–181 (2008). Lange, C. et al. (2016) Vascular endothelial growth factor: a neurovascular target in neurological diseases Nat. Rev. Neurol. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.88