Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 1/17/2019 Title: Anat & Phys 9/28/06 Objectives: To retain knowledge of skull anatomy Class Topics Comparative Anatomy lab Review for Quiz “We judge ourselves by what we feel capable of doing, while others judge us by what we have done.” Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Thursday, January 17, 2019 8:04 PM

Class Assignments Skull Anatomy Quiz 10/2/06 1/17/2019 Class Assignments What By When Skull Anatomy Quiz 10/2/06 Comparative Anatomy lab 10/2/06 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future

Infant Skulls Different from adult Fontanelles (soft spots) 1/17/2019 Infant Skulls Different from adult Developing brain Passage through birth canal Distorted easily Fontanelles (soft spots) Fibrous areas between cranial bones Most fuse in a few months Anterior fontanel fuses by age 2 Sutures fully form by age 5 Before that bones held by fibrous connections

Sinuses Air-filled chambers Empty into nasal cavity Bones with sinuses 1/17/2019 Sinuses Air-filled chambers makes bone lighter mucous membranes to moisten and clean air Empty into nasal cavity Bones with sinuses Frontal, Maxilla, Sphenoid, Ethmoid

Comparative Anatomy lab 1/17/2019 Comparative Anatomy lab Get into 6 groups (one per lab table) No more than 3 people in a group Determine the location of each skull bone on the human skull and try to find its counterpart on the other skull Compare and contrast on the back

Skull Quiz Matching - 26 questions Physical skulls Virtual Skulls 1/17/2019 Skull Quiz Matching - 26 questions Physical skulls Virtual Skulls I will use the GWCC site and maybe one of the others

Hyoid Buried in tissue under styloid process of temporal bone 1/17/2019 Hyoid Buried in tissue under styloid process of temporal bone Horseshoe shaped bone Attachment for tongue and neck muscles

Vertebrae Typical parts of vertebrae spinous process vertebral arch 1/17/2019 Vertebrae Typical parts of vertebrae spinous process vertebral arch vertebral foramen body transverse process superior articular facet inferior articular facet

1/17/2019 Vertebrae Fig 7-12 As you age your vertebral column curves to adjust for walking upright as well as weight gains Cervical curve - concave Thoracic curve - convex Lumbar curve - concave Sacral curve - convex

Vertebrae Cervical Vertebrae 1st = atlas 2nd = axis 1/17/2019 Vertebrae Cervical Vertebrae 1st = atlas allows movement up and down Articulates with occipital condyles 2nd = axis allow movement from side to side odontoid process - articulates with atlas Smaller and lighter than other vertebrae

Vertebrae Thoracic Lumbar attach to ribs very thick 1/17/2019 Vertebrae Thoracic attach to ribs Lumbar very thick used to support much body weight many injuries occur here

Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx 5 fused vertebrae Posterior region of pelvis 1/17/2019 Vertebrae Sacrum 5 fused vertebrae Posterior region of pelvis Coccyx 3 to 5 fused bones found at the end of the sacrum Will bend when sitting

Ribs True ribs False ribs 1/17/2019 Ribs True ribs attach to sternum via costal cartilage (hyaline cartilage) False ribs indirect or no connection with the sternum Floating ribs ribs with no connection with the sternum

Sternum manubrium - superior region body - middle portion - largest 1/17/2019 Sternum manubrium - superior region body - middle portion - largest Xiphoid process - inferior most region important in CPR

How and why is the vertebral column curved? 1/17/2019 How and why is the vertebral column curved? What are structural differences between cervical and lumbar vertebrae What types of cartilage are found in the ribs & sternum and vertebrae? Why are they different? What purpose do the vertebrae and ribs serve?