A New Industrial Revolution Chapter 18 Section 1 A New Industrial Revolution

Alexander Graham Bell- Vocabulary Terms Patent- Is a document giving someone the sole right to make and sell inventions. Invented the light bulb, motion picture camera, and many other useful devices. Thomas Edison- Alexander Graham Bell- Invented the telephone. Henry Ford- Made the automobile available to millions of people. Assembly line- Is a manufacturing method in which a products is put together as it moves along a belt. Wilbur and Orville Wright- Tested a gas powered airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

Why Industry Boomed Steel and Oil Westward expansion of the nation, which gave citizens and immigrants industrial growth. There were large deposits of coal, iron, lead, and copper, which is now all within reach of the miners. The forest allowed people to build houses and other buildings. Congress gave railroad and other businesses land grants and subsidies. Tariffs made foreign goods more costly which helped the American industry. Technology was another thing that helped industry growth. Inventers discovered the Bessemer process which makes stronger steel at lower prices in the 1850’s. Steel quickly replaced iron as the basic building material. Pittsburgh became the nations leading steel-making capital. A new source of energy, in 1859, was discovered near Titusville, Pennsylvania. It was the first oil strike in the nation. They gave oil the name “black gold” because it was so valuable.

A Railroad Boom People and goods were carried by trains to the west and raw materials to eastern factories. Big railroad companies bought out smaller railroad companies or forced them out of business. The Pennsylvania Railroad was combined with 73 other smaller railroad companies. High rates made farmers join the Granger and Populist movements.

Inventors and Inventions A Communications Revolution Thomas Edison invented one of the most important things in all of the worlds history, the light bulb. He did this in 1879. He set up a research lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey. Thomas Edison and some other scientist produced the light bulb, the phonograph, thee motion picture camera, and hundreds of other useful devices. The nation’s first electrical power plant was opened by Edison in New York City, in 182. A Communications Revolution The telegraph has been in use since 1844. In 1866, Cyrus Field had an under water telegraph cable laid across the Atlantic Ocean which sped up the communications with Europe. Finally in 1876, Andrew Graham Bell sent the first telegram message to his assistant in another room “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.” Bell’s patent for the telephone was the most valuable patent ever issued. More than 300,000 phones had been sold by the year of 1885.

Devices for Home and Office A better writing device, called the “Type-Writer”, was invented by Christopher Sholes in 1868. Funeral typist could type 60 words per minute. The camera affected more people than businesses. The lightweight camera was invented in 1888 by George Eastman. African Americans played an important role in the flood of inventions. Jan Matzeliger made a machine that sewed the tops to the soles of shoes. Granville Woods made a way to send telegraph messages between moving trains.

A Transportation Revolution People had to travel by foot or by horses for many years. In the late 1800’s the automobile was invented by European engineers. About 8000 Americans owned automobile in 1900. Henry Ford made automobile cheaper for millions of Americans. In 1913 Ford introduced the assembly line. The assembly line cut production time in half which made cars cheaper. More than 4.5 million Americans owned cars by 1917. The nation’s landscape was changed by cars.

Wilbur and Orville Wright tested a gas powered airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. On the first attempt, the plane stayed in the air for 12 seconds and flew 120 feet. Orville attempted four flights that day. His longest flight lasted 59 seconds. The first flights didn’t really attract very much attention. No one saw any practical use for a flying machine until World War I. The airplane had begun to change the world by making travel and trade easier by the 1920’s.

Bibliography http://www.memyselfmusicandmysteries.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Matzeliger-stamp.jpeg http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2009/02/206311main_wright_brothers.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/HartBerg_with_WilburWright.jpg/220px-HartBerg_with_WilburWright.jpg http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/images/20007006-r.jpg http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-railroad/Railroad%20train%20with%20locomotive%20in%20foreground%201915-500.jpg http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/the-remington-2-the-first-typewriter-everett.jpg

By Brendon and Owen