Rocks & Minerals ROCKS & MINERALS

Science Starter Have your ISN opened up to next blank page. You will need to a glue stick and scissors

Rocks and Minerals Intro

Minerals must be: Naturally occurring made from non-living things Quartz forms naturally from magma Coal forms naturally from the remains of plants

Minerals must be: Solid Have a fixed shape and volume Never living- inorganic

Minerals must have: Have a definite crystal structure particles line up in a regular, repeating pattern. flat sides called faces, that meet at sharp edges and corners. http://vasichkominerals.com/

Minerals must have: A definite chemical composition Always contains certain elements in the same proportion. Almost all minerals are compounds, (two or more different elements chemically joined). http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/Students/woodhull/uraninite.html

Minerals Review All minerals must: Occur naturally in nature Inorganic solid Crystal structure Definite chemical composition http://nature.ca/museum/press/2006/pr06-02-07_minstucson_e.cfm

Science Starter Have your homework out and ready to check. Have your ISN, glue stick, and scissors out (Not Mrs. Slatery’s).

Properties of Minerals Hardness A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched. MOH hardness scale - Rank of hardness of minerals http://www.info-diamond.co.uk

Properties of Minerals Density Minerals will have a certain density regardless of the size of the sample. Feel their weight in your hands http://www.astronomynotes.com/cosmolgy/

Properties of Minerals Luster The way a mineral reflects light. Can be metallic or non-metallic. Shiny or dull. waxy, pearly, glassy. This is a gem stone called tourmaline it has a glassy luster

Properties of Minerals Streak The color of its powder. Not always the same as the color of the mineral. http://geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/streak.htm

Properties of Minerals Color first thing noticed about minerals http://www.nmnh.si.edu/rtp/students/2004/virtualposters/poster

Rock classification Geologist study rock sample by… What is texture? Mineral Composition Color Texture What is texture? ocal.wasp.uwa.edu.au/.../rock/rock16.jpeg

Rock Classification Grain Size Shape Pattern http://www.union.edu/PUBLIC/GEODEPT/COURSES/geo-10/metamorphic.htm

Rock classification Mineral composition Rocks are made of more than one mineral blue.utb.edu/.../PHYS1417SPR00/Unit3Lec.html

Rock classification Rocks come in a variety of colors

Rock Classification Origin of rocks How were the rocks formed - magma - erosion and layering - heat and pressure

Rocks classification Texture Grain Minerals Color Origin of rocks http://geology.com/rock-tumbler/tumbling-rough.shtml

Origin of rocks Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of magma or lava Lava is magma that reaches the earth’s surface www.outreach.canterbury.ac.nz/.../igneous.jpg

Origin of rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed from other rocks that are broken into small particles and moved by erosion (wind or water) The particles are squeezed or cemented together Rocks are layered www.energyinst.org.uk/education/glossary/

Origin of rocks Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks Rocks have been pushed deep into the earth’s crust Pressure from the earth above and heat from the mantle below cause them to change shape, color, grain and crystal structure http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0607/es0607page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Rock cycle http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm