7.2 Cell (Organelles) Functions

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Cell Membrane Plant & Animal Is selectively permeable: allows specific molecules to pass in and out. Allows diffusion and osmosis to occur

Function and Transport System Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Cytoskeleton (Long protein strands) Plant & Animal Helps form the frame work of the cell Like the skeleton forms the frame work of your body 3 Types: Microtubules – give the cell its shape Intermediate filaments – give the cell its strength Microfilaments – enables cells to move and divide

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Cytoplasm Plant & Animal Function and Transport System Cytoplasm Plant & Animal Clear jelly like fluid between cell parts Jelly donut Aids in digestion and protection Cytosol – is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm and made mostly of water

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Nucleus Plant & Animal Function and Transport System Nucleus Plant & Animal Brain of the cell Contains nucleolus: acts as the control center (President, CEO) Contains nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) Has a double membrane called a nuclear envelope

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Plant & Animal Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Plant & Animal Intracellular Highway → Where molecules, fluids, gases travel Place where lipids and proteins are produced 2 types: Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Rough ER: HAS ribosomes

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Ribosomes NOT bound by a surrounding membrane Plant & Animal Most numerous organelle. Important for protein synthesis by RNA 2 Types: Free (floating) Attached to an organelle

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Golgi Apparatus Plant & Animal UPS Center Processing, packaging, and secreting (to deliver) molecules Looks like a series of flattened stack of pancakes

Function and Transport System Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Mitochondria Plant & Animal Powerhouse of cell (energy) Cellular respiration takes place → breaks down glucose to make energy molecule, ATP Have their own ribosomes and DNA – suggests mitochondria was originally a free-living prokaryote taken in by larger cells

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Vacuole Both Fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by the cell -Includes water, food molecules, inorganic ions and enzymes -In animals are small

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Central Vacuole Plants ONLY Large storage sac (90%) Stores food, enzymes, waste products, toxins Also contains pigments that give cells their colors – such as petals in a flower

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Lysosomes Plant & Animal Aids in digestion → digest old organelles, viruses, food, blood, waste and bacteria Looks like “eyeballs”

Function and Transport System Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Centrosomes and Centrioles Plant & Animal Centrosomes – produce microtubules Centrioles – are cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules. *help to organize microtubules to form cilia and flagella

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Chloroplast Plants ONLY Money Bags Responsible for photosynthesis Plants make food (glucose) Gives off O2 gas

Cell Wall is Plants ONLY Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Cell Wall Cell Wall is Plants ONLY Is selectively permeable: allows specific molecules to pass in and out. In plants and algae – made of cellulose In fungi – made of chitin In bacteria – made of peptidoglycan

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Flagella Plant & Animal Long and less numerous (usually 1 or 2) Whip like motion, protection, and defense

Cell Part (Organelle) Plant or Animal Function and Transport System Cilia Plant & Animal Short, numerous, hairlike structures Found in ears, nose, tongue, and lungs Helps cell move, protection from bad cells or germs, and defense