Topic 11 Career Development
Beginning of Career Choice Career choice begin early: Personal experience: Watching parents/neighbours Adult conversation Role Play Temporary/part-time work Early experience adolescent learn will continue developing career towards their interest. However career choice may change with maturity.
Stages in Career Development Since the age of 10 a child stars to think what they want to be when they grow up will continue until 24 yrs old. Pre adolescent period Career choice are based on Fantasy/Dream Excitement/Adventure Not on their ability
Stages in Career Development Early & middle adolescent choice of career change according to their interest, ability and their values. Late adolescent & early adult able to make a correct choice according to own ability, experience and knowledge. Choice of career are more clearer and establish after succeeded entering college/higher learning institutions.
Social factors : Choosing a career Parents Educational level Mass media Gender
Career Education Why need Career education? To assist students Know themselves (their ability) Develope their potential For well-being For community For the country.
Why Career Education Programme? Build Self-Awareness Assist student to understand issues related to: Interest and liking Potentials, ability & Skills Relating self-potentials to suitable career Self-development opportunities
Role of school in developing career awareness Seminar/ speech Exhibition Co-curriculum (Uniform cadets) Ready Informations
Theories
Theories in Career Choice/Development Ginzberg Holland
Ginzberg’s Career Choice Theory Ginzberg (1972) suggested several stages people move through in choosing a career. 3 stages: Fantasy (11 & below) Tentative (11-17 yrs. old) Realistic (17/18 & above)
Stage 1: Fantasy Choice of career (ambitions) are made based on: Excitement & interesting Emotions & not practicality Child perceptions * Fantasy period – the period of life when career choices are made – and discarded – without regard to skills, abilities, or available job opportunities
Stage 2: Tentative Focus on self & Career choice based on 4 aspects: Interest (11-12 years old) Capasity (13-14 years old) Values (15-16 years old) Transition (16-17 years old) Early adolescent interest play a major role but as they grow older more matured start thinking about their ability. Integration between interest and ability from the value system. * Tentative period- the second stage which spans adolescence, in which people begin to think in pragmatic terms about the requirements of various jobs and how their own abilities might fit with those requirements
Stage 3: Realistic Focus on career opportunity and market demand. Starts reviewing their aspiration, needs & interest, their ability and occupational work demand. Choice are also made based on: Experience & achievement so far. Family influences Personal job influence Realistic period – the stage in late adolescence and early adulthood during which people can explore career options through job experience or training, narrow their choices, and eventually make a commitment to career
John Holland Theory of Career Choice
John Holland Personality –Type Theory According to Holland (1959): Individual personality influences a person choice of career . 6 types of basic personaliti 6 types of basic occupations Only certain types of occupation suits a specific personality.
John Holland Theory of Career Choice Personalities & basic environment: Realistic Investigative Conventional Enterprising Artistic Social
John Holland Theory of Career Choice Realistic – down-to earth, practical problem solvers, physically strong, mediocre social skills Intellectual/Investigative – theoretical and abstract orientation, not particularly good with people Conventional – prefer highly structured tasks Enterprising – risk takers and take-charge types, good leaders Artistic – use art to express themselves and prefer the world of art to interactions with people Social – verbal skills and interpersonal relations are strong, good at working with people
John Holland Theory of Career Choice You Type of Occupation Realistic Investigative Conventional Enterprising Artistic Social Type of Personality Realistic Investigative Conventional Enterprising Artistic Social Type of Suitable job environment Potential to succeed Suits
Investigative/Intellectual Like to investigate suitable to an abstract type of occupation, intellectual and scientific. Not interested in Enterprising type of work Individual Characteristic Clever Analytical Independent Rasional Curious Type of Occupation Mathematicians Chemist Biologist PhysicistAhli Fizik
Realistic Prefer job in an objective environment does not involve good communication skills, involves physical & related to technical and farming. Favourite type of work characteristics relate to machine, equipment, nature & athletic. Not interested in work related to Social Type of Occupation Mechanic Rangers Carpenter Farmers Contractors Athletics Individual Characteristic Mechanical Aggressive Strong/athletic Stubborn Stern
Convensional Career choice involve community support but does not involve lot of thinking Suitable in concrete and predictable envirobnment. Prefer routine and structural type of work. Not interested in artistic type of work Individual Characteristic Specific/precise Orderly Practical Efficient Careful Type of Occupation Accountant Proof-reader Statistician Secretary
Enterprising Suitable in an adventurous, energizing and challenging work environment. Have an empowering and extrovert personality, and loves power. Not interested in realistic type of work Type of Occupation Sales person Politician Businessman Legal/law Evangelism Individual Characteristic Coherent Aggressive Ambitious Confidence Controlling
Artistic Individual Characteristic Independent Type of Occupation Suitable in an artistic arts and designing environment able to express their creativity. Not interested in conventional type of work. Individual Characteristic Independent Creative Non-conformist Abstract Idealistic Type of Occupation Musician Artist/sculpture Dancer/singer Acting Others related to art
Social Prefer job related to the social, administrative or treating environment ability in communication and interpersonal relationship. Not interested in realistic type of occupation. Type of Occupation Teaching Counselor Social work Psychologist/psychiatrist Nurse/doctor Individual Characteristic Cooperative Tolerent Social Empathy Understanding