一 并列句中的省略 1、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。  My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer. （省略相同的谓语动词） (is)  When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. (is getting) 省略相同的谓语动词

二 复合句中的省略 1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：  Sorry to hear you are ill. ( I’m ) ( It’s a )  Pity that he missed such a good chance.

主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替  －Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? －I think so. so I’m leaving for Beijing this Sunday.  －Tom must be free today. －If so, he can help us. so he is free.

 －It is going to rain, isn’t it? －I hope not. it is not going to rain. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.　及I suppose　/believe　/hope not. Why not?等等。

宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。 2.宾语从句中的省略 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。  We all know (that) the earth runs around the sun. (that)  Mary said (that) she is from American and that she is 16 years old. (that)

在定语从句中，that, which, who在从句中作宾语时可省略。 3.定语从句中的省略 在定语从句中，that, which, who在从句中作宾语时可省略。  I haven’t read the book (that/ which) you’re reading. (that/ which)  The man (that/ who) your father just talked to is our English teacher, Mr. Smith. (that/ who)

4.状语从句中的省略 在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中和though, although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。

 When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent.  When asked what he had done, John just kept silent. he was  If he is free, Jack will go with us.  If free, Jack will go with us. he is

 Unless he is invited, he won’t come.  Unless invited, he won’t come. he is  While he is doing house work, my father often listens to music. he  While doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is

三 不定式中的省略 动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have, have been时，要保留这些词。  –Are you going there? – Yes, I’d like to . (go there).  He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to . (give me the chance).  –Are you an engineer? – No, but I want to . be  –He hasn’t finished the task yet. –Well, he ought to . have

Attention ! 使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。  I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by. X  A man was noticed to enter the classroom. to 一“感”: feel 这类使役动词及感官动词主要有 二“听”: hear listen to 三“让”: have make let 四“看”: watch notice observe see

四 虚拟条件句中的省略 在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should时，常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。 If I were you, I’d give the AIDS patient a hug.  Were I you, I’d give the AIDS patient a hug. Were If I had a lot of money, I’d aid the poor children.  Had I a lot of money, I’d aid the poor children. Had

在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should + 动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如：  He suggest we should set out right away. (should)  His suggestion is that we should set out right away. (should)  The order that we should stay where we are is very serious and severe. (should)  It’s very important that students should study hard at school. (should)

Discovering useful structures Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts. 3. The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful. (_____)

2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman. 3. She has a daughter who is in hospital. 4. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor . (___________________) (_____) (_____________) 5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didn’t she pass? or not?

6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital. 7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesn’t run down your throat. 8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven’t done a first aid course . not down your throat.

1) The temple surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government. 4. These sentences are correct. However, one or more words have been left out. Can you tell your partner which words are missing? 1) The temple surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government. The temple (which is) surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.

(book that I read this term). 2) The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second. The first book (that) I read this term was more interesting than the second (book that I read this term). 定语从句中的省略

在 than, as 引导的比较状语从句中的省略 3) To her teacher’s surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than expected.    To her teacher’s surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do). 在 than, as 引导的比较状语从句中的省略

在并列复合句中，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分常可省略 4) I don’t think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have. I don’t think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have (returned from the hospital). 在并列复合句中，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分常可省略

在并列复合句中，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分常可省略   5) He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn’t. He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn’t (want to help the accident victim). 在并列复合句中，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分常可省略

   6) You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to. You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes). 不定式后省略动词

(It) sounds like a good idea.    8) Anything I can do for you? (Is there) anything I can do for you?

Exercises about Ellipsis. Practice Exercises about Ellipsis.

Discovering useful structures Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts. P37 3. The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful. (_____)

2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman. 3. She has a daughter who is in hospital. 4. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor . (___________________) (_____) (_____________) 5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didn’t she pass? or not.

6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital . 7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesn’t run down your throat. 8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven’t done a first aid course . not down your throat.

P37 4. These sentences are correct. However, one or more words have been left out. Can you tell your partner which words are missing ? 1) The cottage surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government. The cottage (which is) surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.

more interesting than the second. 2) The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second. The first book (that) I read this term was more interesting than the second (book that I read this term).

3) To her teacher’s surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than expected.    To her teacher’s surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do).

4) I don’t think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have.

  5) He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn’t. He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn’t (want to help the accident victim).

   6) You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to. You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).

I. Choose the best answers. 1)----Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? -----I am doing these exercises now so that I won’t have _____ on Sunday. A. it B. them C. for D. to

2)----Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening? ----Yes. It’ll be fine if you______. A. are B. can C. invite D. do 3)---- Aren’t you the manager? ---- No, and I______ A. don’t want to B. don’t want to be C. don’t want be D. don’t want

4)---I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? ---Not at all______. A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be glad to 5)---- Won’t you have another try? ---- ________. A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I won’t have C. Yes, I won’t D. Yes, I will

7)----Do you think it will snow tomorrow? ----______? A.I don’t think B. No, I don’t think C. I don’t think so D. No, I don’t so 8)----Have you fed the cat? ----No, but______. A. I’m B. I am C. I’m just going D. I’m just going to

√ √ √ II.单项选择 1. ---I won’t do it any more. ----_______? A. Why don’t B. Why don’t do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to 2. Although ____ to stop, he kept on working. A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told 3. ---Will you waste time and money on that? -- --Certainly_______. A. I not B. don’t C. not D. no √ √ √

√ √ √ 4. ----Mary didn’t attend the lecture, did she? ----Yes, she_______. A. attended B. didn’t attend C. didn’t D. did 5. ---What’s John doing? --- _______ newspapers in the room. A. She reading B. She reads C. To read D. Reading 6. _______ always succeed. A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever √ √ √

√ √ √ 7. ---Can you climb that tree, my boy? ---_______? A. I B. Myself C. Mine D. Me 8. Some people are against the plan but _______ support it. A. any more B. many more C. much more D. no more 9. ---I’ll be away for a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? ---Not at all. ________. A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like to D. I’d be happy to √ √ √

√ √ √ 10. ---Why not go and have a dinner in a restaurant? ---________. It’s too expensive. A. Why not B. I agree C. I’m afraid not D. I’m sure 11. ____ I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If B. Unless C. Had D. When 12. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? --- _____ her bicycle. As she lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. Losing √ √ √

II. 下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。 1. Our hometown is no longer what it used to. 2. When I in trouble, I always turn to her for help. 3. Tom picked up a coin in the road and handed one to a policeman. be 第一个I 后加am 或去掉第一个I it

at 4. No one can bear being laughed in public. 5. When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all. 6. The goods were ordered last month haven’t arrived yet. compared goods后加that 或去掉were

▼语法应试 I. 改写句子 （使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘） 1. Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don’t know who has used it. 2. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard. 3. I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class. 4. --- Has he ever been abroad? --- No, he has never been abroad.

5. If it is necessary, we will finish it ahead of time. 6. You must not be late and you must not be absent. 7. Give me your name and address, please. 8. It is well done. 9. Mother can take a rest, Mother should take a rest but Mother won’t take a rest after long hours of work. 10. He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didn’t answer the questions.

【语法专项训练】 【单项选择【 1．“I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken.” “Oh! I _______.” A. do not hope to B. do not hope C. hope not so D. hope not 2.“Is Professor Tate very sick?” “I’m afraid _______.” A. so B. this C. to D. that 3.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _______. A. it B. those C. them D. one 4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do

5.“Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?” “_______.” A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 6.“Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.” A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t 7.“I’ll be away on business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?” “Not at all. _______.” A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to

8.“Why don’t we take a little break?” “Didn’t we just have _______?” A. it B. that C. one D. that 9.“There will be a new film on show.” “I’m afraid _______.” A. so B. maybe C. not D. that 10.“We all hate pollution.”“ _______.” A. Yes, everyone hates B. Yes, everyone does C. No, I like not D. No, I don’t

高考真题  1. — Would you like some more tea? — _______, please.（NMET2005，全国卷II，12） A. No more B. Just a little C. I’ve had enough D. Yes, I would 2. — It’ll take at least 2 hours to do this! —Oh, _______! I could do it in 30 minutes. (NMET2005，上海 39) A. come on B. pardon me C. your are right D. don’t mention it

高考真题  3. — How about putting some pictures into the report? — _______ A picture is worth a thousand words. （NMET2005，江苏，24） A. No way. B. Why not? C. All right? D. No matter. 4. When ____ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.” (NMET2005，福建，33) A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered

高考真题  5. — Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for? — I planed to, but I was ￡ 50 ____. （NMET2005，福建，34） A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short 6. — Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little son’s curious about those roses you grow.” — ______. You’re welcome. (NMET2005，湖北，25) A. Yes, I do B. Never mind C. Yes, please D. Not at all

高考真题  7. Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. I’m sure we will win. Mike: _____! （NMET2005，广东，21） A. Congratulations B. Cheers C. Best wishes D. Good luck 8. Tara: This is Tara Patel from cotton House in Kidderminster. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? Smith: ______ (NMET2005，广东，22） A. Hello! B. I’m Mr. Smith. C. Who are you? D. Speaking

高考真题  9. — My family usually goes skating for vacation. I like skating, but I want to try something different this year. — _______ （NMET2005，重庆，22） A.Let’s go. B. Cheer up. C. Like what ? D. Take care. 10. — Have you been to New Zealand? — No, I’d like to, _____. (NMET2005，山东，21） A. too B. though C. yet D. either

高考真题  11. — Could you do me a favor and take these books to my office? — Yes, _______ （NMET2005，山东，22） A. for pleasure B. I could C. my pleasure D. with pleasure 12 . — Let’s go to a movie after work, OK? —_____ (NMET2005，山东，33） A. Not at all. B. Why not? C. Never mind. D. What of it?

跟踪练习  1. —Could you please spare me some time? I’ve something to talk with you. — Not now, _____ time, perhaps. A. any other B. some C. other D. some other D. some other 2. The students have all made up their minds to gain a high mark ____ difficulties. A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. whichever B. whatever

跟踪练习  3. —I feel tired, Dad. — Tired? _____? A. For what B. For which C. From which D. Of what D. Of what 4. — Why not join us in the game? — _________. A.No, you do the same B. Oh, that’s all right C. Ok, coming D. Sure, please do C. Ok, coming

跟踪练习  5. The boy wanted him to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him ______. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to A. not to 6. — Would you like some wine? — Yes, _________. A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit C. a little

跟踪练习  7. —How long has this book shop been in business? — ____ 1982. A. After B. In C. From D. Since D. Since 8. You are standing too near the camera. Can you move ______. A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far B. a little farther