Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (c. 600 C. E. to c Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (c. 600 C.E. to c. 1450 C.E.) Key Concept 3.2. Continuity and Expansion of State Forms and their Interactions

Key Concept 3.2. Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and their Interactions Overview: State formation in this era demonstrated remarkable continuity, innovation and diversity in various regions. In Afro-Eurasia, some states attempted, with differing degrees of success, to preserve or revive imperial structures, while smaller, less centralized states continued to develop. http://www.lasalle.edu/~mcinneshin/wk13/images/battuta%20and%20polo%20map.jpg

Key Concept 3.2. Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and their Interactions Overview (continued…): The expansion of Islam introduced a new concept — the Caliphate — to Afro-Eurasian statecraft. Pastoral peoples in Eurasia built powerful and distinctive empires that integrated people and institutions from both the pastoral and agrarian worlds. http://online.sfsu.edu/mroozbeh/Maps/Map-mongol-empire.jpg

Key Concept 3.2. Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and their Interactions Overview (continued…): - In the Americas, powerful states developed in both Mesoamerica and the Andean region. http://www.wall-maps.com/classroom/history/world-history/mayaincaaztec900~1525n18.gif

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   A. Following the collapse of empires, most reconstituted governments, including the Byzantine Empire and the Chinese dynasties — Sui, Tang, and Song — combined traditional sources of power and legitimacy with innovations better suited to the current circumstances. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Radhanites2.png

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   1. Examples of traditional sources of power and legitimacy: a. Patriarchy http://totallyhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Emperor_Taizong_meets_ambassador_of_Tibet.jpg

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   b. Religion http://www.medievalists.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/AbbasidCourt.jpg

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   c. Land-owning elites http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Reeve_and_Serfs.jpg

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   2. Examples of innovations: a. New methods of taxation- paper money taxation http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/img/silkroad.png

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   b. Tributary systems - kowtow http://www.japanfocus.org/data/Ming_almanac_barbarian_and_official.jpeg

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   c. Adaptation of religious institutions. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gennadios.jpg/250px-Gennadios.jpg

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   B. In some places, new forms of governance emerged, including those developed in various Islamic states, the Mongol Khanates, city-states, and decentralized government (feudalism) in Europe and Japan. http://sbceo.org/~vms/carlton/Medieval/Feudalismchart2.jpg

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   1. Examples of Islamic states: a. Abbasids (750- 1258) http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/img/silkroad.png

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   b. Muslim Iberia (711- 1492) http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/img/silkroad.png

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   c. Delhi Sultanates (1206- 1526) http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/img/silkroad.png

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   2. Examples of city-states: a. In the Italian peninsula (c. 7th- 15th centuries) http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/img/silkroad.png

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   b. In East Africa (c. 8th to 15th Centuries) http://eccentricyoruba.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/map-scan.jpg

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   c. In Southeast Asia- Mandalas (c. 5th to 15th centuries) http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/img/silkroad.png

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   d. In the Americas (c. 250 -900) http://mexicanhistory.org/mayamap2.jpg

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   C. Some states synthesized local and borrowed traditions.   1. Examples of such synthesis by states: a. Persian traditions that influenced Islamic states: http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/arabworld/abbasidhist3.gif

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   b. Chinese traditions that influenced states in Japan and Korea: Neoconfucianism, Buddhism, Imperial Structure http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Yingzao_Fashi_1.JPG/462px-Yingzao_Fashi_1.JPG

I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.   D. In the Americas, as in Afro-Eurasia, state systems expanded in scope and reach: Networks of city-states flourished in the Maya region and, at the end of this period, imperial systems were created by the Mexica (“Aztecs”) and Inca.   http://www.wall-maps.com/classroom/history/World-History/MayaIncaAztec900~1525n18.gif

A. Examples of technological and cultural transfers: II. Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers. A. Examples of technological and cultural transfers: 1. Between Tang China and the Abbasids- Battle of Talas (751)- paper making   http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Making_Paper_4.PNG/220px-Making_Paper_4.PNG

2. Across the Mongol empires (1206- 1368)- Gunpowder II. Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers. 2. Across the Mongol empires (1206- 1368)- Gunpowder   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GhazanConversionToIslam.JPG

II. Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers. 3. During the Crusades   http://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum213/Maps/crusades_final.jpg

II. Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers. 3. Transfers during Chinese maritime activity led by Ming Admiral Zheng He 1405- 1433   http://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum213/Maps/crusades_final.jpg