The Crusades World History Mr Pack
Events leading to Crusades Battle of Tours- Christians defeat encroaching Muslim army in France in 732. Christians led by Charles Martel Result- halted Muslim spread into Europe, limited to modern day Spain
http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Age_of_Caliphs http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Age_of_Caliphs.png
Events leading to Crusades In year 800 Pope crowns Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor reviving ideal of a united Christian community (Christendom). In 1054, Great Schism occurred- Constantinople in the East (do not recognize pope’s authority) Byzantine Empire Rome in the West
Knights- nobles trained as warriors Chivalry- code of conduct for knights, stressing bravery, loyalty, and protecting the weak. Papal Supremacy- Pope is supreme, European monarchs must follow pope.
Crusades Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine forces- take over Jerusalem in 1071….prevent Christian pilgrimages. Byzantine Emperor appeals to Pope, they unify to reclaim the Holy land (Jerusalem)
Crusades Appeal for knights- Religious fervor, remission of sins Wealth and land Sense of adventure Pope- increase power in Europe, possibly heal schism between east and west
Crusades First Crusade successful- capture Jerusalem (1099), massacre Jewish and Muslim residents In 1187, Jerusalem falls to Muslim forces of Saladin. King Richard the Lionhearted of England conquers his way to Jerusalem, make a treaty with Saladin; Christian merchants and unarmed pilgrims would be allowed to enter Jerusalem.
Crusades Failure Reasons- supply problems Occupying force needed Funding issues Disease Poor planning