Chapter 12: Automation and Human Performance
EXAMPLES AND PURPOSES OF AUTOMATION
Tasks that humans cannot perform Human performance limitations Augmenting or assisting human performance Economics Productivity
AUTOMATED-RELATED INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS
LEVELS AND STAGES OF AUTOMATION
Levels of automation
Stages of automation
Information acquisition Information analysis Decision making and action selection Action implementation
AUTOMATION COMPLEXITY
FEEDBACK ON AUTOMATION STATES AND BEHAVIORS
TRUST IN AND DEPENDENCE ON AUTOMATION
Over-trust Complacency Automation bias Overdependence: Deskilling and “OOTLUF”
ADAPTIVE AUTOMATION
What to Adapt? How to Infer? Who Decides?
DESIGNING FOR EFFECTIVE Human-automation interactions
Appropriate Levels and Stages of Automation
Designing for Human-Automation “Etiquette” Calibrating Operator Trust: Display Design and Training Mitigating mistrust Mitigating over-trust and Complacency