The Cell How do cell parts interact to help the cell function as a system to meet the characteristics of life?

The Cell The cell is the smallest unit of life It is made of small parts called organelles (little organs) which work together so the cell will function correctly Plant, animal, and bacteria cells are structured differently

Cell Membrane All cells have a cell membrane that controls what enters/leaves the cell and helps protect it from the outside environment

Cell Wall The cell wall surrounds plant cells, as well as some fungal and bacterial cells It surrounds the cell membrane and serves as extra protection In some plant and fungal cells, it also provides structure/support

Plant Cell Bacteria cell

Nucleus The “brain” of the cell Gives the other organelles instructions so that they can carry out their functions Contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), genetic material that determines how an organism looks and contains the “instructions for life”

Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria) Produces energy for the cell through the process of cellular respiration so the cell can carry out its functions Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction where food is converted into energy

Chloroplast Found in plant cells and some single celled organisms Contain a green pigment called chlorophyll Carries out photosynthesis, a chemical reaction where the cell uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into food called glucose (sugar)

Other Organelles Ribosome- manufacture proteins (each protein has a unique function) Endoplasmic Reticulum - makes ribosomes and lipids (used in membranes and energy storage) and helps transport those materials around the cell Golgi Apparatus – packages substances in the cell Lysosome- break down and recycle cell components Vacuole – store food, water, and waste; plant cells contain a giant one that stores water to give the cell support

Classwork Why is the cell a system? How does a cell show the characteristics of life? Homework: STUDY for QUIZ next class!!