Chapter 21 Section 1

Focus Question What was Apartheid?

Challenges Post WWII Developing a Strong Economy Developing world Africa, Asia, Latin America Developing world is known as the global south Developing a Strong Economy Leaders wanted to improve agriculture and industry Built railroads, highways, infrastructure Literacy increased Rose from less than 20% to nearly 50%

Economies Traditional economies Market Economies Property is often shared by families and tribes Limits competition and range of enterprise Most are farmers or crafters Only build and grow enough for themselves and their families Market Economies Introduced by Europe Benefits Europe Developing nations shifted from a traditional to market economy during the 1990’s and 2000’s

Positive and Negative Green Revolution 1950’s commercially improved seeds, pesticides, and farming equipment were introduced to developing worlds Increased agricultural output Only helped the large land owners Fed millions of people Obstacles to Development Many poor nations took loans from Europe and then could not pay their debts back Led to the nations remaining in poverty and in debt

Population and Child Labor Developing nations have many children Added income, takes care of the parents, source of labor Increase in population, food production, housing Some Religions also encourages large families 35,000 children die each day from starvation, thirst, and diseases Repetitive Cycle Child labor Low paying physical labor 10-20% workforce Work on farms, mines, and other dangers jobs Make less than $0.50/day

Changes Economic Dependence Women Urbanization Rely on colonial powers Totally dependent on the developed world Women Women have few freedoms Gaining more each day (nothing like developed nations) Urbanization Urbanization is increasing Poverty and crime are increasing daily Shanty towns Dirty living conditions

21.2

What was the Tiananmen Square Massacre? Focus Question What was the Tiananmen Square Massacre?

Africa After WWII Africa faced many challenges Had to establish industries, develop resources, and solve poverty Socialism or capitalism? Socialism Socialism the government controlled the economy Hoped to end social inequality Capitalism Market economy with private ownership of property

Facing Obstacles Rapid population Diseases Environmental damage Famine Malaria, AIDS, TB, Small Pox Environmental damage Forest and grasslands are being destroyed Famine 10,000 children die/day because of lack of food Drought Africa is one of the driest places on earth Thousands die each day because of starvation and thirst Livestock die Desertification

Facing Obstacles AIDS Urbanization Women 1980’s More than 2 million die each year in Africa because of AIDS Left thousands of children orphaned Urbanization African is the most rural continent in the world High urbanization rates Women Women have gained opportunities Nothing like developed world has

Challenges Urbanization Farming Logging Loss of Plants and Animals 70% Africa has lost their lands because of farming Loss of Plants and Animals Endangered Extinct Poorest Continent Many don’t make enough money to meet basic needs Constant conflict Poor economy Many people make less than $290/ year

Section 3

What are the two types of economies that emerged after the world wars? Focus Question What are the two types of economies that emerged after the world wars?

China Reforms China and India contain 2/5 of the world population Both countries dominate Asia Contain 80% of Asia's population Mao dies in 1976 Deng Xiaoping takes power Modernizing Four Modernizations Agriculture, industry, science, defense If China wanted to be powerful they had to reform and become prosperous in these regions He wanted China to be the most powerful nation in Asia Japan was the most powerful when he came to power

Tiananmen Square Communist Crack Down Many people supported democracy after Mao’s death Wanted a change Communist began to crack down Xiaoping wanted to remain in control May 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre Thousands were killed in the fighting Thousands were arrested and hundreds were tortured

Chinas Challenges China has the second largest economy Largest population in the world 1.4 billion 1980’s China developed population control methods One child policy Limited families to one child Rural families could have 2, but they did not receive the added benefits Economic Problems AIDS Pollution

India India has the second largest population in the world 1.2 billion The fastest growing population Will overtake china within the next 20 years if there is not a population control measure put into place Population increase has hurt part of India's economy Lack of agriculture and Infrastructure Green Revolution has helped the food shortage

India Population Growth Poor healthcare Reforming Society Population growth has hurt efforts to improve living conditions 1/3 the population lives below the poverty line Poor healthcare 1990’s AIDS outbreak Killed thousands Infected hundreds of thousands Reforming Society Education has improved The class system is starting to become invisible Women still have inequalities