LESSON 2 History of Microscopy

History of Microscopy 400 years ago

Zacharias & Hans Janssen 1590? first compound microscopes

Galileo Galilei & Giovanni Faber 1624 -1625 fellow Lincean academy member Giovanni Faber coined the word for Galileo's invention occhiolino, the"little eye". μικρόν (micron) + σκοπεῖν (skopein) "small" + "to look at"

Robert Hooke 1655 ~1665 most famous microscopical observation was his study of thin slices of cork. Named the term “Cell” © J.Paul Robinson

is illuminated through the oil lamp and water-filled spherical reservoir, Light from the lamp is diffused when it passes through the reservoir and is then focused onto the specimen with a lens attached to the reservoir.

thin slices of cork.

Green cell wall

Anton von Leeuwenhoek Father of microscopy “simple” microscope 1673 Single lens microscope could magnify to about 275x single-celled animals ("animalcules") interior of cells 1673 ~1674

single lens microscopes compound microscopes vs. single lens microscopes ? Aberration (technical flaws) in the lenses

Optical aberration 1. Spherical aberration زيغ كروي

Optical aberration 2. Chromatic aberration زيغ لوني

History of Microscopy Schleiden & Schwann 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest units of living things 3. Cells only rise from existing cells. 1838 Schleiden and Schwann proposed the cell theory, stating that the cell is the unit of structure and function in plants and animals.

History of Microscopy Koch 1882 Koch used aniline dyes to stain microorganisms and identified the bacteria that causes tuberculosis and cholera.

Tripod / brass

improvement

REFERENCES History of Microscopy http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK28356/ Table 4-1 http://campus.udayton.edu/~hume/Microscope/microscope.htm http://www.microscope-microscope.org/basic/microscope-history.htm