The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter (Gases) Chapter 10 Section 1

Behavior of Particles ______________________: a theory that explains the behavior of systems based on the idea that particles of matter are always ____ ____________ Explains properties of matter in terms of the _____ of the particles and the _____ that act between them

Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases The theory provides a ______for an ideal gas. ______________: a hypothetical gas that ____________all the assumptions of the ________________________ __________: a gas that does ____behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

Five Assumptions Gases consist of large numbers of tiny _________that are _______relative to their ________ __________between gas particles and between particles and container walls are _________collisions ____________: one in which there is no _________________________(energy is not transferred between the particles)

Assumptions Gas particles are in __________, ____, ______motion. They therefore possess _________energy There are no __________________ between gas particles The ____________of a gas depends on the average _________________of the particles of the gas

Physical Properties ______________ Gas particles move rapidly in all ___________with no ____________ This explains why gases do not have a ______________________ They completely fill the ___________and take its _____________

Fluidity The ability of particles of a substance to _________past one another. Gas particles slip and slide past each other ___________. They flow like ___________. Both liquids and gases are referred to as _______________. Demo here with candle and alka-seltzer

Low Density and High Compressibility The particles are ___________from each other ___________________(D = m/V) The gas particles __________crowded closer together The volume can be greatly _________ by _________________the gas

Diffusion ___________: spontaneous mixing of the particles of two substances caused by their __________________ Gases spread out without being stirred or ____________. The gas particles will naturally move throughout the available ____________.

Effusion _____________: a process by which gas particles pass through a ____________ An example of this would be the air coming out of a leak in a car tire. Molecules of ______mass effuse _____ than molecules of _________mass (the “lighter” molecules move faster)

Deviations of Real Gases from Ideal Behavior All real gases deviate from ideal behavior to some extent. At very __________________and ____ ________________, when compared to “normal” conditions, real gases are ____ likely to behave _________.

Non-ideal Behavior Gases whose particles have ______ __________for each other, like the noble gases, behave closest to ideal behavior. These are _____________elements and compounds. The more _______the molecule of gas, the ______likely it is to behave _______.