Raising Temperature by adding heat § 16.5.

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Presentation transcript:

Raising Temperature by adding heat § 16.5

Specific Heat (Capacity) Heat needed to change the temperature of a unit amount of a substance. c = q mDT q = heat input m = mass of sample Dt = temperature change Units: J/(kg K) or cal/(kg K) Intensive

Heating Mechanisms it’s really all work § 16.6

Heating Heat is transferred between objects by: Conduction: collisional transfer of kinetic energy Convection: buoyancy-driven fluid circulation Radiation and absorption of electromagnetic waves

Conduction Conductivity varies with material; solids > liquids > gases

Conduction Fourier conductivity law Q = kA(DT/L)t where Q = heat transferred A = cross-sectional area DT = temperature change L = length t = time

Convection Warm fluids expand, becoming less dense Circulation is driven by buoyancy forces Much faster than conduction

Convection Convection drives the weather!

Radiation Power output increases as T4. Objects are heated by absorbing radiation. Objects are cooled by emitting radiation.

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