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Achievements Charismatic leader “Unified China and set it in the national direction” (Kissinger) Long March (1935) against Khuomintang led by Chiang-Kai-Shek Helped to defeat Japan during WWII Great Leap Forward (1958-61) China became nuclear power (1965)

Failings Human tragedy – 20-30m died during GLF Centrally planned economy Cultural Revolution (1965-8) De-stalinisation in USSR left China politically isolated USSR refused to share nuclear technology Outmanoeuvred by moderates

How did Sino-Soviet relations change during the Cold War?  Aims To assess the strength of China’s relations with the USSR

Ling-Ling & Hsing-Hsing Study Sources A & B on p.119. What do they reveal about China & the USSR’s perceptions of the relationship?

Unequal partners Mao treated as an instrument of Soviet power Sino-Soviet Treaty (1950) heavily favourable to USSR 1920s-1949, USSR supported Chinese nationalists and defended its own interests in Manchuria Mao need Soviet support against USA & in constructing communist society in China Terms of Sino-Soviet treaty (1950), e.g. Mongolia part of USSR sphere of influence, no support over Taiwan, no revolutionary strategy for East Asia

Achievements from Sino-Soviet Treaty (1950) Formal alliance Economic aid - $300m; technical assistance Soviet military assistance Soviet promise to restore Chinese soverignty over Manchuria

Stalin & Mao, Moscow, 1949. Caption competition

How accurately does this photograph (Beijing, 1958) demonstrate the true nature of Sino-Soviet relations in the 1950s?

Khrushchev waves goodbye, 1958 Read p. 123-6 and list the reasons why Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated after 1953. Khrushchev waves goodbye, 1958