3.8 GAW response to the growing need for data and information Øystein Hov Chair JSC OPAG EPAC Norwegian Meteorological Institute CAS MG WMO Geneva May 2013

Satellite and in situ networks Core Services Core Services Downstream Services Downstream Services Atmosphere/ ocean operational users service outputs (others) Core information (atmosphere/ocean incl land and ocean interfaces) User customized information (user products) Real time input information (raw data) NWP, NOP services Structure of Products, Services and Delivery system R&D The public Free data policy.

Service delivery

Distribution of number of extreme events, fatalities, total and insured losses in respect to the different groups of natural perils. DRR

GAW Information and Services Health of the planet Anchor for satellite observations We should care more for the 2M that die from poor AQ every year (30k from extreme events) Climate mitigation – Trend analysis of CO 2 and other gases and PM including their emissions/cycle components Sand and dust storm warning, pollution event warning including SR-information

Moisture, precipitation Heat Momentum CO 2 and other GHGs PM physical and chemical characterisation Halocarbons and SF 6 NO x NH 3 VOC CO SO 2 HM POP Weather (incremental improvements in NWP) Radiative forcing - climate response UNFCCC (§ co- benefits and tradeoffs; seasonal to decadal) Air quality – health National /regional regulations § Acid deposition – ecosystems § Eutrophication – ecosystems, SR, N r § BDC Visibility-sand and dust storms, biomass burning, ash, pollen (GAW, WWRP) § Surface ozone – crop loss CLRTAP to global § UV – health and crops Vienna Convention Emission tracking/trends/inversion § Water availability and quality § Biodiversity BDC § Agriculture/food § Fluxes between the Earths surface and the atmosphere Protect life and property, safeguard the environment, contribute to sustainable development, promote long- term observation of met., hydrological, climatological data, incl related environmental data, promote capacity-building, meet international commitments § significant gains can be made through WMO contributions NRT and archived data availability

MACC outline

MACC2 surface ozone forecasts 19 March UTC (+108h)

Meteorologisk Institutt met.no Contributions from European countries to Arctic pollution (2006) SLCF met.no/EMEP CTM model calculations with ECMWF met.data Secondary inorganic aerosols: SO 4, NO 3, NH 4 Primary PM2.5 GIPPS

Urbanization prospects in 2050 Half of worlds population already lives in urban areas Between 2011 and 2050 population to increase from 7 to over 9 billion Urban population to increase from 3.6 to 6.2 billion, 66% of total population Most urban population growth to occur in the less developed regions The number of megacities ( 10 million) is currently 23 and is expected to reach 37 in Adapted from United Nations 2012 Percentage of urban population MEGACITIES

Meteorological data: Private good or public good? Public good: Is not used up even if many take part in using it. Not suited for the market Private good: Is used up (shoes!). A requirement for a functioning market. Positive externalities are lost when public goods are commercialised All data (observations and prognosis) owned by MET- Norway are available at zero data price Free license arrangement.hov number of unique users per week

Resolution 40 (Cg-XII 1995) WMO policy and practice for the exchange of meteorological and related data and products with guidelines on relationships in commercial meteorological activities As a fundamental principle WMO commits itself to broadening and enhancing the free and unrestricted international exchange of meteorological and related data and products; – (1) Members shall provide on a free and unrestricted basis essential data and products which are necessary for the provision of services in support of the protection of life and property and the well-being of all nations, – (2) Members should also provide the additional data and products which are required to sustain WMO Programmes at the global, regional, and national levels and, further, as agreed, to assist other Members in the provision of meteorological services in their countries. – (3) Members should provide to the research and education communities, for their non-commercial activities, free and unrestricted access to all data and products exchanged under the auspices of WMO

yr.no: 23 mill forecast downloads per day

Develop GAW into a three-dimensional network through integration of all kind of observations from surface to space Main Long-term Objectives Rationale Mission Objectives Implementation Strategic Plan for GAW Start delivering data in near real time by using WMO GTS/WIS Merge all activities from the observation to the users application into coherent data processing chains related to a GAW quality management system Support assimilation of the essential climate variables in atmospheric transport and numerical weather prediction models

World Meteorological OrganizationFebruary 24, 2005 GAW World Data Centres GCOS Data Centres Global Run-off Data Centre Global Precip. Climatology Centre IRI, Hadley Centre, and other climate research centres; Universities; Regional Climate Centres (CIIFEN, etc.) International Organizations (IAEA, CTBTO, UNEP, FAO.. ) Commercial Service Providers World Radiation Centre Regional Instrument Centres WMO World Data Centres International Projects (e.g. GMES HALO) Real-time push On-demand pull internet DCPC NC/ DCPC NC NC/ DCPC NC GISC Satellite Two-Way Systems Satellite Dissemination (IGDDS, RETIM, etc) NC DCPC GISC DCPC WIS Vision

27-29 April 2011, OPAG-EPAC JSC, Geneva WDCGG and Other GAW Data Centers Data Collection or Production Centres (DCPCs) Global Information System Centres (GISCs) Discovery Access and Retrieval Services in WIS ISO compliant Meta Data format and contents

27-29 April 2011, OPAG-EPAC JSC, Geneva Two parallel parts: Part A: Further improvements of the GTS for time-critical and operation-critical data for all WMO Programmes Part B: Extension of services through flexible data discovery, access and retrieval services (DAR) through the Internet – a component of WIGOS for new data sets. Metadata driven. WIS Implementation Plan

27-29 April 2011, OPAG-EPAC JSC, Geneva Internet Functions of the WDCGG and the Data Flow 18 Provision of data Data submitters Data users Archived data WDCGG Search, visualization Products/Services Data validation and reformatting Metadata Confirmation Acceptance of data Global analysis WDCGG Data Submission and Dissemination Guide (GAW Report No. 188)

Points in a GAW strategy USER DRIVEN PRODUCTS: AQ, deposition, UV, dust incl volcanic ash, climate, NWP incl seasonal weather forecasts, marine input TOWARDS ONE CHAIN: Research driven and operational observations, model development and application, and services CORE GAW ACTIVITY: Doing Good Observations, not only collecting others POLICY FACILITATION: DRR, GIPPS, AQ, CLRTAP, GFCS, IPCC, new global/regional alliances, and FEWER PARALLEL PROCESSES in policies underpinning DATA STEWARDSHIP. WIS (WIGOS). User-data provider interaction. Interoperability. Free data policy. FOSTER COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS to research, infrastructure, education, institutional building Management structure; community of practise

Thank you for the attention

GAW links to other WMO initiatives For GFCS – GAW contributes through observations and services related to drivers of climate change (e.g. GHG Bulletin) and applications in various priority areas (e.g. health, agriculture and food security), through the Research and Observations and Monitoring Pillars. For WIGOS and WIS – purpose is to enhance the interoperability and availability of high- quality observational data as the foundation for new and improved services. GAW is actively involved in the implementation of both WIS and WIGOS providing insights into best practices related to atmospheric composition observations and data and also to derive benefits from more sustainable and better integrated observational networks; For WWRP Polar Prediction Project – a multi year research initiative to address the growing requirements for improved weather services on time scales from hours to seasonal in the rapidly changing polar regions. The inclusion of atmospheric composition in the modelling and prediction systems is viewed as a necessity. Improved understanding of processes in polar regions are also expected to have advantages to predictive skills in mid- latitudes.

Some words from the last year document Considering the observed and projected changes in polar regions, their importance to the global weather and climate system and the emerging needs for new weather and climate services in polar regions, it should be noted that: GAW is a fundamental programme for building a better understanding of the various feedbacks that occur in polar regions and improving modelling of the weather and climate system; GAW observation activities are coming under increasing threat (especially in polar regions) due to financial pressure exactly at a time when their value is increasing; Models being develop for new environmental services in polar regions require comprehensive atmospheric chemistry and aerosol information at higher special resolution