AP Human Geography Theoretical Model Review Mr. Stepek

Unit 6: Industrialization and Economic Development

World Systems Model Three-Tier Structure Core-periphery model Core : Processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology Generates more wealth in the world economy Core-periphery model Dominant advanced core exploits periphery Applies globally national/regional Legacy of colonialism Neo-colonialism Semi-periphery: Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. Places that are exploited by the core but then exploit the periphery, serves as a buffer between core and periphery Insert a picture of one of the geographic features of your country. Periphery: Processes that incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology. Generates less wealth in the world economy

The Three-Tier System

Human Development Index (How is it measured? How is it distributed?)

Indicators of development Human Development Index (HDI) 4 factors used to measure (UN) and other factors considered in differentiating between MDC/LDCs: Economic = (1) gross national income (GNI) per capita Other Types of jobs, productivity, consumer goods Social = (2) mean years of schooling and (3) expected years of schooling Other (health and welfare measures) Demographic (4) life expectancy

Brandt’s Line (North-South Split)

Brandt’s Line MODIFIED (North-South Split)

FIGURE 8-1

Economic Development Models Self-sufficiency model Govt. supports local industries through protectionism Tariffs Leads to inefficient businesses Large bureaucracy Corruption Consumers pay more No longer favored

FIGURE 9-28

Economic Development Models Rostow’s International Trade “Take-Off” Model Self-sufficiency model Raw materials exported elite gain profits infrastructure created innovation spreads economic diversification High consumption wealth Inequity measured by GINI coefficient (modifies GDP) Govt. supports local industries through protectionism Tariffs Leads to inefficient businesses Large bureaucracy Corruption Consumers pay more No longer favored

Economic Development Models Rostow’s International Trade “Take-Off” Model Self-sufficiency model Raw materials exported elite gain profits infrastructure created innovation spreads economic diversification High consumption wealth Inequity measured by GINI coefficient (modifies GDP) Widely accepted WTO, World Bank, IMF, structural adjustment loans NGOs Govt. supports local industries through protectionism Tariffs Leads to inefficient businesses Large bureaucracy Corruption Consumers pay more No longer favored

FIGURE 9-29

United Nations Millenium Goals

Political Ecology impact of laws and policy on the environment and environmental justice Sustainable development Cap and trade International agreements Kyoto Protocol (US vs. developing countries) Paris Agreement

Weber’s Least Cost Theory of Industrial Location Location determined by effort to minimize costs Situation factors: transportation (bulk-gaining vs. bulk-reducing) Site factors: labor, land, capital Agglomeration: clustering of businesses to access common customers, advantageous site factors

FIGURE 11-19

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #1

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #1 Rubric

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #1 Rubric

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #1 Rubric

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #2

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #2 Rubric