Chapter 1, Section 3 “Government and the People” Gettysburg Address- 1865 “and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”

Main Idea: The different levels of government provide many different services.

Civics- The study of the rights and duties of citizenship.

I. The Need for Government (21) Government- the ruling authority for a community. It has the power to create and enforce laws. Thomas Hobbes- Famous political thinker 1. Without government, life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short” 2. “Government makes it possible for people to live in peace.”

6 main functions of gov. 1. Keep Order 1. make and enforce laws 2. Establish courts to determine guilt 2. Provide Security 1. Prevent Crime 2. Defend the nation

3. Provide Public Services To keep us healthy and safe (libraries, schools, hospitals, parks, water/utilities, licensing drivers/doctors, inspections, public assistance) 4. Guide the Community: How? 5. set Public Policy- Government action to achieve community goals 6.Creating Budgets- Plan for collecting and spending money

Levels of Government Governments can have many levels 1. The highest level in U.S.= National(Federal) Government 2. State governments make laws for people of their states. 3. Local governments include counties, cities, and towns ***NEITHER STATE NOR LOCAL CAN GO AGAINST NATIONAL GOV!***

Types of Governments: Authoritarian Governments 1. Absolute Monarchy (Most before 1600) Today: Saudi Arabia, Qatar 2. Dictatorship- government controlled by one person or small group.

Totalitarianism Gov. control extends to almost all aspects of people’s lives. no political opposition control media and use propaganda/scare tactics suppress indiv. freedom regulate and control the economy

Famous Totalitarian Regimes in History (arose in the 1920’s and 1930’s) 1. Nazi Germany (under Adolph Hitler) 2. Italy (under Benito Mussolini) 3. Soviet Union (under Joseph Stalin)

Famous Totalitarian Regimes- Today 1. China 2. Cuba 3. North Korea

Types of Government Democratic- “the people rule” ….citizens share governing! Began in ancient Athens (Greece) 1. Direct Democracy- citizens vote firsthand ***Hard for big countries to achieve!***

2. Representative Democracy- Citizens choose smaller groups to represent them, make laws and govern on their behalf. 3. Constitutional Monarchy- Royal figure that inherits position of power that is limited by the country’s constitution and laws.

Democratic Principles Free, fair, and competitive elections “one person, one vote” requirements kept to a minimum secret ballot 2. Voters have choices competing elections and political parties 3. Majority Rule (Jean-Jacques Rousseau) while respecting minority rights

GREEN = FREE RED = NOT FREE

MINI QUIZ!!! Angels & Airwaves- Adventure 1. What is Civics? 2. “The ruling authority for a community”? 3. Give 2 reasons why Thomas Hobbes said humans need government… 4. What are the 3 levels of government we have in the U.S.? 5. Name two infamous dictators 6. What type of democracy do we have in the U.S.?