Fifteen years of ultrasound guidance in regional anaesthesia: Part 1

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Fifteen years of ultrasound guidance in regional anaesthesia: Part 1 P. Marhofer, W. Harrop-Griffiths, S.C. Kettner, L. Kirchmair British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 104, Issue 5, Pages 538-546 (May 2010) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq069 Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Measurement of the cross-sectional area of the ulnar nerve with ultrasound. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010 104, 538-546DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeq069) Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 The sciatic nerve (SN) at the mid-femoral level partly surrounded by local anaesthetic, resulting in a successful block. The homogenous hypoechoic (dark) zone represents the local anaesthetic (LA). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010 104, 538-546DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeq069) Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Comparison of an ultrasound image of the interscalene brachial plexus (the arrows indicate the C5–7 nerve roots; SCM, sternocleidomastoid muscle; ASM, anterior scalene muscle; MCM, median scalenus muscle) with two different qualities. (a) Illustration from 2004; (b) most recent illustration with improved image quality due to speckle suppression. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010 104, 538-546DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeq069) Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Ultrasonographic illustration of the brachial plexus (indicated by white arrows) at the supraclavicular level, adjacent to the cervical pleura (indicated by grey arrows). SA, Subclavian artery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010 104, 538-546DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeq069) Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Cross-sectional ultrasound view of the brachial plexus at the interscalene level in which the C5 root is located within the anterior scalene muscle (ASM; right side, medial). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010 104, 538-546DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeq069) Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Cross-sectional ultrasound view of the brachial plexus at the interscalene level in which the C5 root is located outside the interscalene groove (SCM, sternocleidomastoid muscle; ASM; right side, medial). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010 104, 538-546DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeq069) Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions