The Formula for a Hydrate

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Presentation transcript:

The Formula for a Hydrate Chapter 11 Notes Part 3 The Formula for a Hydrate

What is a Hydrate? A Hydrate is compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to its atoms.

Formula for a Hydrate The number of water molecules associated with each formula unit of the compound is written following a dot: Na2CO3•10H2O= Sodium Carbonate decahydrate FePO4•4H2O= Iron(III) phosphate tetrahydrate

Prefixes for hydrates are listed on p 338 Prefix of H2O Mono- 1 Di- 2 Tri - 3 Tetra- 4 Penta - 5 Hexa - 6 Hepta - 7 Octa - 8 Nona - 9 Deca - 10

Analyzing a Hydrate To analyze a hydrate, you must drive off the water of hydration Anhydrous = without water (the H2O has been driven off by heating) Mass of hydrate cmpd – mass of anhydrous cmpd = mass of H2O

Determining formula of a hydrate Mass of anhydrous cmpd = mole of cmpd Molecular weight of cmpd Mass of H2O = mole of H2O MW of H2O

Example A hydrate is found to have the following composition: 48.8% MgSO4 and 51.2% H2O What is the formula and name of this hydrate?

Uses for Hydrates Packaging materials with desiccants that absorb water from the air and prevent moisture accumulation A Desiccant is a substance that promotes drying Desicants are the anhydrous form of the hydrate- used to absorb water into its crystal structure